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The recent literature in text classification is biased towards short text sequences (e.g., sentences or paragraphs). In real-world applications, multi-page multi-paragraph documents are common and they cannot be efficiently encoded by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-26 Xiang Dai , Ilias Chalkidis , Sune Darkner , Desmond Elliott

Semi-structured documents integrate diverse interleaved data elements (e.g., tables, charts, hierarchical paragraphs) arranged in various and often irregular layouts. These documents are widely observed across domains and account for a…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Bangrui Xu , Qihang Yao , Zirui Tang , Xuanhe Zhou , Yeye He , Shihan Yu , Qianqian Xu , Bin Wang , Guoliang Li , Conghui He , Fan Wu

We investigate a critical yet under-explored question in Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs): Do LVLMs genuinely comprehend interleaved image-text in the document? Existing document understanding benchmarks often assess LVLMs using…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-31 Haolong Yan , Kaijun Tan , Yeqing Shen , Xin Huang , Zheng Ge , Xiangyu Zhang , Si Li , Daxin Jiang

Text is ubiquitous in our visual world, conveying crucial information, such as in documents, websites, and everyday photographs. In this work, we propose UReader, a first exploration of universal OCR-free visually-situated language…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Jiabo Ye , Anwen Hu , Haiyang Xu , Qinghao Ye , Ming Yan , Guohai Xu , Chenliang Li , Junfeng Tian , Qi Qian , Ji Zhang , Qin Jin , Liang He , Xin Alex Lin , Fei Huang

Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in understanding and generating content across various modalities, such as images and text. However, their interpretability remains a challenge, hindering…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Loris Giulivi , Giacomo Boracchi

In this paper, we propose an end-to-end structured multimodal attention (SMA) neural network to mainly solve the first two issues above. SMA first uses a structural graph representation to encode the object-object, object-text and text-text…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-11-29 Chenyu Gao , Qi Zhu , Peng Wang , Hui Li , Yuliang Liu , Anton van den Hengel , Qi Wu

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across a diverse range of multimodal tasks. However, these models suffer from a core problem known as text dominance: they depend heavily on text for their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Huyu Wu , Meng Tang , Xinhan Zheng , Haiyun Jiang

The effective utilization of structured data, integral to corporate data strategies, has been challenged by the rise of large language models (LLMs) capable of processing unstructured information. This shift prompts the question: can LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Zhouhong Gu , Haoning Ye , Xingzhou Chen , Zeyang Zhou , Hongwei Feng , Yanghua Xiao

Recently, large language models (LLMs) have shown significant progress, approaching human perception levels. In this work, we demonstrate that despite these advances, LLMs still struggle to reason using molecular structural information.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Yunhui Jang , Jaehyung Kim , Sungsoo Ahn

Modern LVLMs still struggle to achieve fine-grained document understanding, such as OCR/translation/caption for regions of interest to the user, tasks that require the context of the entire page, or even multiple pages. Accordingly, this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Chenglong Liu , Haoran Wei , Jinyue Chen , Lingyu Kong , Zheng Ge , Zining Zhu , Liang Zhao , Jianjian Sun , Chunrui Han , Xiangyu Zhang

The rapid increase in unstructured data across various fields has made multi-document comprehension and summarization a critical task. Traditional approaches often fail to capture relevant context, maintain logical consistency, and extract…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-30 Aditi Godbole , Jabin Geevarghese George , Smita Shandilya

Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) systems struggle with processing multimodal documents of varying structural complexity. This paper introduces a novel multi-strategy parsing approach using LLM-powered OCR to extract content from diverse…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Arnau Perez , Xavier Vizcaino

Long-term conversational agents need memory systems that capture relationships between events, not merely isolated facts, to support temporal reasoning and multi-hop question answering. Current approaches face a fundamental trade-off: flat…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Buqiang Xu , Yijun Chen , Jizhan Fang , Ruobin Zhong , Yunzhi Yao , Yuqi Zhu , Lun Du , Shumin Deng

Structured document understanding has attracted considerable attention and made significant progress recently, owing to its crucial role in intelligent document processing. However, most existing related models can only deal with the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-01 Jiapeng Wang , Lianwen Jin , Kai Ding

Abstractive text summarization aims at compressing the information of a long source document into a rephrased, condensed summary. Despite advances in modeling techniques, abstractive summarization models still suffer from several key…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-17 Vidhisha Balachandran , Artidoro Pagnoni , Jay Yoon Lee , Dheeraj Rajagopal , Jaime Carbonell , Yulia Tsvetkov

Text clustering is an important method for organising the increasing volume of digital content, aiding in the structuring and discovery of hidden patterns in uncategorised data. The effectiveness of text clustering largely depends on the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-06 Alina Petukhova , João P. Matos-Carvalho , Nuno Fachada

Transformer-based architectures have become the prevailing backbone of large language models. However, the quadratic time and memory complexity of self-attention remains a fundamental obstacle to efficient long-context modeling. To address…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Yutao Sun , Zhenyu Li , Yike Zhang , Tengyu Pan , Bowen Dong , Yuyi Guo , Jianyong Wang

Despite significant advancements in Large Vision Language Models (LVLMs), a gap remains, particularly regarding their interpretability and how they locate and interpret textual information within images. In this paper, we explore various…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Ingeol Baek , Hwan Chang , Sunghyun Ryu , Hwanhee Lee

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have seen rapid advances in recent years and are now being applied to visual document understanding tasks. They are expected to process a wide range of document images across languages, including…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Keito Sasagawa , Shuhei Kurita , Daisuke Kawahara

LLMs have demonstrated remarkable proficiency in understanding tasks but continue to struggle with long-context comprehension, particularly with content located in the middle of extensive inputs. This limitation, known as the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-03 James Begin , Namit Agrawal , Eshan Singh , Yicheng Fu , Sean O'Brien , Vasu Sharma , Kevin Zhu