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Evaluating teaching effectiveness at scale remains a persistent challenge for large universities, particularly within engineering programs that enroll tens of thousands of students. Traditional methods, such as manual review of student…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Jean-Francois Chamberland , Martin C. Carlisle , Arul Jayaraman , Krishna R. Narayanan , Sunay Palsole , Karan Watson

By automatically recognize argument component, essay writers can do some inspections to texts that they have written. It will assist essay scoring process objectively and precisely because essay grader is able to see how well the argument…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2015-12-03 Derwin Suhartono

Scoring rules evaluate probabilistic forecasts of an unknown state against the realized state and are a fundamental building block in the incentivized elicitation of information. This paper develops mechanisms for scoring elicited text…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Yifan Wu , Jason Hartline

Human ratings are one of the most prevalent methods to evaluate the performance of natural language processing algorithms. Similarly, it is common to measure the quality of sentences generated by a natural language generation model using…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-13 Jakob Nyberg , Ramesh Manuvinakurike , Maike Paetzel-Prüsmann

By simply composing prompts, developers can prototype novel generative applications with Large Language Models (LLMs). To refine prototypes into products, however, developers must iteratively revise prompts by evaluating outputs to diagnose…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-02-28 Tae Soo Kim , Yoonjoo Lee , Jamin Shin , Young-Ho Kim , Juho Kim

Large Language Models (LLMs) are transforming scholarly tasks like search and summarization, but their reliability remains uncertain. Current evaluation metrics for testing LLM reliability are primarily automated approaches that prioritize…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Anna Martin-Boyle , William Humphreys , Martha Brown , Cara Leckey , Harmanpreet Kaur

\Ac{LFQA} aims to generate lengthy answers to complex questions. This scenario presents great flexibility as well as significant challenges for evaluation. Most evaluations rely on deterministic metrics that depend on string or n-gram…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Ning Xian , Yixing Fan , Ruqing Zhang , Maarten de Rijke , Jiafeng Guo

We propose LLM-Eval, a unified multi-dimensional automatic evaluation method for open-domain conversations with large language models (LLMs). Existing evaluation methods often rely on human annotations, ground-truth responses, or multiple…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-24 Yen-Ting Lin , Yun-Nung Chen

Paraphrasing is the task of expressing an essential idea or meaning in different words. But how different should the words be in order to be considered an acceptable paraphrase? And can we exclusively use automated metrics to evaluate the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-28 Anna Moskvina , Bhushan Kotnis , Chris Catacata , Michael Janz , Nasrin Saef

The use of large language models like ChatGPT in code review offers promising efficiency gains but also raises concerns about correctness and safety. Existing evaluation methods for code review generation either rely on automatic…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Robert Heumüller , Frank Ortmeier

Despite the significant advancements in keyphrase extraction and keyphrase generation methods, the predominant approach for evaluation mainly relies on exact matching with human references. This scheme fails to recognize systems that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Di Wu , Da Yin , Kai-Wei Chang

Conversational recommender systems aim to interactively support online users in their information search and decision-making processes in an intuitive way. With the latest advances in voice-controlled devices, natural language processing,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-10-31 Dietmar Jannach

Word embeddings are real-valued word representations able to capture lexical semantics and trained on natural language corpora. Models proposing these representations have gained popularity in the recent years, but the issue of the most…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-01-30 Amir Bakarov

Existing dialogue quality evaluation systems can return a score for a given system turn from a particular viewpoint, e.g., engagingness. However, to improve dialogue systems by locating exactly where in a system turn potential problems lie,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Rikiya Takehi , Akihisa Watanabe , Tetsuya Sakai

Automatic evaluation for open-ended natural language generation tasks remains a challenge. Existing metrics such as BLEU show a low correlation with human judgment. We propose a novel and powerful learning-based evaluation metric:…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-08-20 Jing Gu , Qingyang Wu , Zhou Yu

This paper proposes a novel framework to evaluate fluid simulation methods based on crowd-sourced user studies in order to robustly gather large numbers of opinions. The key idea for a robust and reliable evaluation is to use a reference…

Graphics · Computer Science 2020-11-23 Kiwon Um , Xiangyu Hu , Nils Thuerey

Large language model (LLM)-based evaluation pipelines have demonstrated their capability to robustly evaluate machine-generated text. Extending this methodology to assess human-written text could significantly benefit educational settings…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-25 Seungyoon Kim , Seungone Kim

With the advancement in generative language models, the selection of prompts has gained significant attention in recent years. A prompt is an instruction or description provided by the user, serving as a guide for the generative language…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-05-21 Haoting Zhang , Jinghai He , Rhonda Righter , Zeyu Zheng

In the era of MOOCs, online exams are taken by millions of candidates, where scoring short answers is an integral part. It becomes intractable to evaluate them by human graders. Thus, a generic automated system capable of grading these…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-12-22 Yaman Kumar , Swati Aggarwal , Debanjan Mahata , Rajiv Ratn Shah , Ponnurangam Kumaraguru , Roger Zimmermann

A number of introductory textbooks for Haskell use calculations right from the start to give the reader insight into the evaluation of expressions and the behavior of functional programs. Many programming concepts that are important in the…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2014-12-17 Tim Olmer , Bastiaan Heeren , Johan Jeuring