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This paper presents a gradient-based method for on-the-fly optimization for both per-frame and per-frequency window length of the short-time Fourier transform (STFT), related to previous work in which we developed a differentiable version…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-08-07 Maxime Leiber , Yosra Marnissi , Axel Barrau , Mohammed El Badaoui

In this paper, we propose a differentiable version of the short-time Fourier transform (STFT) that allows for gradient-based optimization of the hop length or the frame temporal position by making these parameters continuous. Our approach…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-08-07 Maxime Leiber , Yosra Marnissi , Axel Barrau , Mohammed El Badaoui

The synchrosqueezing transform, a kind of reassignment method, aims to sharpen the time-frequency representation and to separate the components of a multicomponent non-stationary signal. In this paper, we consider the short-time Fourier…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-09-27 Lin Li , Haiyan Cai , Hongxia Han , Qingtang Jiang , Hongbing Ji

The Short-Time Fourier Transform (STFT) has been a staple of signal processing, often being the first step for many audio tasks. A very familiar process when using the STFT is the search for the best STFT parameters, as they often have…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-05-17 An Zhao , Krishna Subramani , Paris Smaragdis

The short-time Fourier transform (STFT) is widely used to analyze the spectra of temporal signals that vary through time. Signals defined over graphs, due to their intrinsic complexity, exhibit large variations in their patterns. In this…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2016-01-27 Mariano Tepper , Guillermo Sapiro

An adaptive time-frequency representation (TFR) with higher energy concentration usually requires higher complexity. Recently, a low-complexity adaptive short-time Fourier transform (ASTFT) based on the chirp rate has been proposed. To…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-05-26 Soo-Chang Pei , Shih-Gu Huang

In this paper, we revisit the use of spectrograms in neural networks, by making the window length a continuous parameter optimizable by gradient descent instead of an empirically tuned integer-valued hyperparameter. The contribution is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-26 Maxime Leiber , Axel Barrau , Yosra Marnissi , Dany Abboud

Simulating the long-term dynamics of multi-scale and multi-physics systems poses a significant challenge in understanding complex phenomena across science and engineering. The complexity arises from the intricate interactions between scales…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Da Long , Shandian Zhe , Samuel Williams , Leonid Oliker , Zhe Bai

In order to enhance the performance of Transformer models for long-term multivariate forecasting while minimizing computational demands, this paper introduces the Joint Time-Frequency Domain Transformer (JTFT). JTFT combines time and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Yushu Chen , Shengzhuo Liu , Jinzhe Yang , Hao Jing , Wenlai Zhao , Guangwen Yang

In recent years, the synchrosqueezing transform (SST) has gained popularity as a method for the analysis of signals that can be broken down into multiple components determined by instantaneous amplitudes and phases. One such version of SST,…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2017-09-20 Alexander Berrian , Naoki Saito

The short-time Fourier transform (STFT) usually computes the same number of frequency components as the frame length while overlapping adjacent time frames by more than half. As a result, the number of components of a spectrogram matrix…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-10-29 Daichi Kitahara

To address limitations of the graph fractional Fourier transform (GFRFT) Wiener filtering and the traditional joint time-vertex fractional Fourier transform (JFRFT) Wiener filtering, this study proposes a filtering method based on the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-30 Ziqi Yan , Zhichao Zhang

High-resolution time-frequency (TF) analysis plays crucial role in characterizing multicomponent signal (MCSs) and estimating oscillatory properties. Linear time-frequency representations (TFRs) such as classical short-time Fourier…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-12-12 Rayyan Abdalla

Short-time Fourier transform (STFT) is the most common window-based approach for analyzing the spectrotemporal dynamics of time series. To mitigate the effects of high variance on the spectral estimates due to finite-length, independent…

Applications · Statistics 2022-01-19 Andrew H. Song , Seong-Eun Kim , Emery N. Brown

Spectral interference, the frequency counterpart of the beating phenomenon in the time domain, can severely distort time-frequency representations (TFRs) in physical applications. We study this phenomenon for the short-time Fourier…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2026-01-19 Shrikant Chand , James Nolen , Hau-Tieng Wu

Many neural speech enhancement and source separation systems operate in the time-frequency domain. Such models often benefit from making their Short-Time Fourier Transform (STFT) front-ends trainable. In current literature, these are…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-02-24 Jonah Casebeer , Umut Isik , Shrikant Venkataramani , Arvindh Krishnaswamy

We propose a bootstrapping framework to quantify uncertainty in time-frequency representations (TFRs) generated by the short-time Fourier transform (STFT) and the STFT-based synchrosqueezing transform (SST) for oscillatory signals with…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-01-28 Hau-Tieng Wu , Zhou Zhou

Recently, we proposed short-time Fourier transform (STFT)-based loss functions for training a neural speech waveform model. In this paper, we generalize the above framework and propose a training scheme for such models based on spectral…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-04-09 Shinji Takaki , Hirokazu Kameoka , Junichi Yamagishi

Recently the study of modeling a non-stationary signal as a superposition of amplitude and frequency-modulated Fourier-like oscillatory modes has been a very active research area. The synchrosqueezing transform (SST) is a powerful method…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2018-12-31 Haiyan Cai , Qingtang Jiang , Lin Li , Bruce W. Suter

The data analysis of space-based gravitational wave detectors like Taiji faces significant challenges from non-stationary noise, which compromises the efficacy of traditional frequency-domain analysis. This work proposes a unified framework…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-06-23 Minghui Du , Ziren Luo , Peng Xu
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