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Multi-task ``vision-language-action'' (VLA) models have recently demonstrated increasing promise as generalist foundation models for robotics, achieving non-trivial performance out of the box on new tasks in new environments. However, for…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Kaustubh Sridhar , Souradeep Dutta , Dinesh Jayaraman , Insup Lee

The rise of multimodal large language models (MLLMs) has sparked an unprecedented wave of applications in the field of medical imaging analysis. However, as one of the earliest and most fundamental tasks integrated into this paradigm,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Xun Zhu , Fanbin Mo , Xi Chen , Kaili Zheng , Shaoshuai Yang , Yiming Shi , Jian Gao , Miao Li , Ji Wu

This paper proposes one of the first clinical applications of multimodal large language models (LLMs) as an assistant for radiologists to check errors in their reports. We created an evaluation dataset from real-world radiology datasets…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Jinge Wu , Yunsoo Kim , Eva C. Keller , Jamie Chow , Adam P. Levine , Nikolas Pontikos , Zina Ibrahim , Paul Taylor , Michelle C. Williams , Honghan Wu

Evaluating Information Retrieval (IR) systems relies on high-quality manual relevance judgments (qrels), which are costly and time-consuming to obtain. While pooling reduces the annotation effort, it results in only partially labeled…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Catarina Pires , Sérgio Nunes , Luís Filipe Teixeira

In-context Learning (ICL) has emerged as a powerful paradigm for performing natural language tasks with Large Language Models (LLM) without updating the models' parameters, in contrast to the traditional gradient-based finetuning. The…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Georgios Chochlakis , Alexandros Potamianos , Kristina Lerman , Shrikanth Narayanan

In this study, we reveal an in-context learning (ICL) capability of multilingual large language models (LLMs): by translating the input to several languages, we provide Parallel Input in Multiple Languages (PiM) to LLMs, which significantly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Yongyu Mu , Peinan Feng , Zhiquan Cao , Yuzhang Wu , Bei Li , Chenglong Wang , Tong Xiao , Kai Song , Tongran Liu , Chunliang Zhang , Jingbo Zhu

In recent years, Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLM) have achieved notable advancements, demonstrating the feasibility of developing an intelligent biomedical assistant. However, current biomedical MLLMs predominantly focus on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Xiaoshuang Huang , Lingdong Shen , Jia Liu , Fangxin Shang , Hongxiang Li , Haifeng Huang , Yehui Yang

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have demonstrated promise on publicly available dermatology benchmarks. However, benchmark performance may not generalize to real-world dermatologic decision-making. To quantify this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Roy Jiang , Hyunjae Kim , Zhenyue Qin , Morten Lee , Margaret MacGibeny , Ailish Hanly , Angela Sadlowski , Shanin Chowdhury , Xuguang Ai , Jeffrey Gehlhausen , Qingyu Chen

In recent years, In-context Learning (ICL) has gained increasing attention and emerged as the new paradigm for large language model (LLM) evaluation. Unlike traditional fine-tuning methods, ICL instead adapts the pre-trained models to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-07 Zhenyu Wu , YaoXiang Wang , Jiacheng Ye , Jiangtao Feng , Jingjing Xu , Yu Qiao , Zhiyong Wu

In large language models (LLM), in-context learning (ICL) refers to performing new tasks by conditioning on small demonstrations provided in the input context. Recent advances in visual in-context learning (VICL) demonstrate promising…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Shao-Jun Xia , Huixin Zhang , Zhengzhong Tu

Recent advancements in video large multimodal models (LMMs) have significantly improved their video understanding and reasoning capabilities. However, their performance drops on out-of-distribution (OOD) tasks that are underrepresented in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-04 Kangsan Kim , Geon Park , Youngwan Lee , Woongyeong Yeo , Sung Ju Hwang

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have shown promising capabilities in mathematical reasoning within visual contexts across various datasets. However, most existing multimodal math benchmarks are limited to single-visual contexts,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Peijie Wang , Zhong-Zhi Li , Fei Yin , Xin Yang , Dekang Ran , Cheng-Lin Liu

In-context Learning (ICL) empowers large language models (LLMs) to swiftly adapt to unseen tasks at inference-time by prefixing a few demonstration examples before queries. Despite its versatility, ICL incurs substantial computational and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Zhuowei Li , Zihao Xu , Ligong Han , Yunhe Gao , Song Wen , Di Liu , Hao Wang , Dimitris N. Metaxas

With the proliferation of Large Language Models (LLMs) in diverse domains, there is a particular need for unified evaluation standards in clinical medical scenarios, where models need to be examined very thoroughly. We present CliMedBench,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Zetian Ouyang , Yishuai Qiu , Linlin Wang , Gerard de Melo , Ya Zhang , Yanfeng Wang , Liang He

In this paper, we introduce ILLUME, a unified multimodal large language model (MLLM) that seamlessly integrates multimodal understanding and generation capabilities within a single large language model through a unified next-token…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Chunwei Wang , Guansong Lu , Junwei Yang , Runhui Huang , Jianhua Han , Lu Hou , Wei Zhang , Hang Xu

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in visual mathematical reasoning across various existing benchmarks. However, these benchmarks are predominantly based on clean or processed multimodal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Jun Feng , Zixin Wang , Zhentao Zhang , Yue Guo , Zhihan Zhou , Xiuyi Chen , Zhenyang Li , Dawei Yin

In-context learning (ICL) improves language models' performance on a variety of NLP tasks by simply demonstrating a handful of examples at inference time. It is not well understood why ICL ability emerges, as the model has never been…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-28 Xiaochuang Han , Daniel Simig , Todor Mihaylov , Yulia Tsvetkov , Asli Celikyilmaz , Tianlu Wang

Accurate uncertainty quantification is crucial for the safe deployment of machine learning models, and prior research has demonstrated improvements in the calibration of modern language models (LMs). We study in-context learning (ICL), a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-29 Hanlin Zhang , Yi-Fan Zhang , Yaodong Yu , Dhruv Madeka , Dean Foster , Eric Xing , Himabindu Lakkaraju , Sham Kakade

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel at in-context learning (ICL), a supervised learning technique that relies on adding annotated examples to the model context. We investigate a contextual bandit version of in-context reinforcement learning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Giovanni Monea , Antoine Bosselut , Kianté Brantley , Yoav Artzi

We investigate the generalization boundaries of current Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) via comprehensive evaluation under out-of-distribution scenarios and domain-specific tasks. We evaluate their zero-shot generalization across…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-12 Xingxuan Zhang , Jiansheng Li , Wenjing Chu , Junjia Hai , Renzhe Xu , Yuqing Yang , Shikai Guan , Jiazheng Xu , Peng Cui
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