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Issues regarding explainable AI involve four components: users, laws & regulations, explanations and algorithms. Together these components provide a context in which explanation methods can be evaluated regarding their adequacy. The goal of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-03-30 Gabrielle Ras , Marcel van Gerven , Pim Haselager

Previous research in Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) suggests that a main aim of explainability approaches is to satisfy specific interests, goals, expectations, needs, and demands regarding artificial systems (we call these…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-02-17 Markus Langer , Daniel Oster , Timo Speith , Holger Hermanns , Lena Kästner , Eva Schmidt , Andreas Sesing , Kevin Baum

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) aims to make machine learning models transparent and trustworthy, yet most current approaches communicate explanations visually or through text. This paper introduces an information theoretic…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Mona Rajhans , Vishal Khawarey

The intersection of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and neuroscience in Explainable AI (XAI) is pivotal for enhancing transparency and interpretability in complex decision-making processes. This paper explores the evolution of XAI…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-02-13 Yongchen Zhou , Richard Jiang

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is rapidly expanding and integrating more into daily life to automate tasks, guide decision making, and enhance efficiency. However, complex AI models, which make decisions without providing clear explanations…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Lakshit Arora , Sanjay Surendranath Girija , Shashank Kapoor , Aman Raj , Dipen Pradhan , Ankit Shetgaonkar

Explainable AI (XAI) presents useful tools to facilitate transparency and trustworthiness in machine learning systems. However, current evaluations of system explainability often rely heavily on subjective user surveys, which may not…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Joe Shymanski , Jacob Brue , Sandip Sen

Deploying AI systems in public institutions can have far-reaching consequences for many people, making it a matter of public interest. Providing opportunities for stakeholders to come together, understand these systems, and debate their…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Timothée Schmude , Laura Koesten , Torsten Möller , Sebastian Tschiatschek

With the emergence of Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based decision-making, explanations help increase new technology adoption through enhanced trust and reliability. However, our experimental study challenges the notion that every user…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-05-01 Sabid Bin Habib Pias , Alicia Freel , Timothy Trammel , Taslima Akter , Donald Williamson , Apu Kapadia

Explainable AI (XAI) techniques have become popular for multiple use-cases in the past few years. Here we consider its use in studying model predictions to gather additional training data. We argue that this is equivalent to Active…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-04-17 Emma Thuong Nguyen , Abhishek Ghose

Practitioners and researchers trying to strike a balance between accuracy and transparency center Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) at the junction of finance. This paper offers a thorough overview of the changing scene of XAI…

General Finance · Quantitative Finance 2025-11-12 Md Talha Mohsin , Nabid Bin Nasim

While recent advances in deep learning have demonstrated its transformative potential, its adoption for real-world manufacturing applications remains limited. We present an Explanation User Interface (XUI) for a state-of-the-art deep…

The diffusion of artificial intelligence (AI) applications in organizations and society has fueled research on explaining AI decisions. The explainable AI (xAI) field is rapidly expanding with numerous ways of extracting information and…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-01-27 Julie Gerlings , Arisa Shollo , Ioanna Constantiou

The field of Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) often focuses on users with a strong technical background, making it challenging for non-experts to understand XAI methods. This paper presents "x-[plAIn]", a new approach to make XAI…

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) is increasingly rec ognized as essential for deploying machine learning systems in safety critical environments. In Automatic Target Recognition (ATR), where models operate on image, video, radar,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Vanessa Buhrmester , David Muench , Dimitri Bulatov , Michael Arens

The explanation dimension of Artificial Intelligence (AI) based system has been a hot topic for the past years. Different communities have raised concerns about the increasing presence of AI in people's everyday tasks and how it can affect…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-02-23 Juliana Jansen Ferreira , Mateus Monteiro

The shift from symbolic AI systems to black-box, sub-symbolic, and statistical ones has motivated a rapid increase in the interest toward explainable AI (XAI), i.e. approaches to make black-box AI systems explainable to human decision…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-10-28 Federico Cabitza , Matteo Cameli , Andrea Campagner , Chiara Natali , Luca Ronzio

Explainability has been a challenge in AI for as long as AI has existed. With the recently increased use of AI in society, it has become more important than ever that AI systems would be able to explain the reasoning behind their results…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-09-30 Kary Främling

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has continued to achieve tremendous success in recent times. However, the decision logic of these frameworks is often not transparent, making it difficult for stakeholders to understand, interpret or explain…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-20 Fuseini Mumuni , Alhassan Mumuni

The increasing demand for transparent and reliable models, particularly in high-stakes decision-making areas such as medical image analysis, has led to the emergence of eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI). Post-hoc XAI techniques,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-18 Junlin Hou , Sicen Liu , Yequan Bie , Hongmei Wang , Andong Tan , Luyang Luo , Hao Chen

As Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems continue to grow in size and complexity, so does the difficulty of the quest for AI transparency. In a world of large models and complex AI systems, why do we explain AI and what should we explain?…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Karina Cortinas-Lorenzo , Gavin Doherty