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We make the case for neural network objects and extend an already existing neural network calculus explained in detail in Chapter 2 on \cite{bigbook}. Our aim will be to show that, yes, indeed, it makes sense to talk about neural network…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-05 Shakil Rafi , Joshua Lee Padgett , Ukash Nakarmi

This paper extends the universal approximation property of single-hidden-layer feedforward neural networks beyond compact domains, which is of particular interest for the approximation within weighted $C^k$-spaces and weighted Sobolev…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-07-08 Ariel Neufeld , Philipp Schmocker

This paper investigates the approximation properties of deep neural networks with piecewise-polynomial activation functions. We derive the required depth, width, and sparsity of a deep neural network to approximate any H\"{o}lder smooth…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-12-06 Denis Belomestny , Alexey Naumov , Nikita Puchkin , Sergey Samsonov

We prove matching direct and inverse theorems for uniform polynomial approximation with $A^*$ weights (a subclass of doubling weights suitable for approximation in the $L_\infty$ norm) having finitely many zeros and not too "rapidly…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2015-10-27 Kirill A. Kopotun

We give direct and inverse theorems for the weighted approximation of functions with inner singularities by combinations of Bernstein polynomials.

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2011-04-25 Wen-Ming Lu , Lin Zhang

We consider the problem of approximating an analytic function on a compact interval from its values at $M+1$ distinct points. When the points are equispaced, a recent result (the so-called impossibility theorem) has shown that the best…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2018-04-09 Ben Adcock , Rodrigo Platte , Alexei Shadrin

This paper develops fundamental limits of deep neural network learning by characterizing what is possible if no constraints are imposed on the learning algorithm and on the amount of training data. Concretely, we consider Kolmogorov-optimal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-15 Dennis Elbrächter , Dmytro Perekrestenko , Philipp Grohs , Helmut Bölcskei

We study the approximation by tensor networks (TNs) of functions from classical smoothness classes. The considered approximation tool combines a tensorization of functions in $L^p([0,1))$, which allows to identify a univariate function with…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2024-06-26 Mazen Ali , Anthony Nouy

In this manuscript, we analyze the expansions of functions in orthogonal polynomials associated with a general weight function in a multidimensional setting. Such orthogonal polynomials can be obtained by Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization.…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2017-08-01 Adi Ditkowski , Rami Kats

We consider approximating analytic functions on the interval $[-1,1]$ from their values at a set of $m+1$ equispaced nodes. A result of Platte, Trefethen \& Kuijlaars states that fast and stable approximation from equispaced samples is…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-03-08 Ben Adcock , Alexei Shadrin

This article is concerned with the approximation and expressive powers of deep neural networks. This is an active research area currently producing many interesting papers. The results most commonly found in the literature prove that neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-08 I. Daubechies , R. DeVore , S. Foucart , B. Hanin , G. Petrova

One of the basic principles of Approximation Theory is that the quality of approximations increase with the smoothness of the function to be approximated. Functions that are smooth in certain subdomains will have good approximations in…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2016-12-23 Licia Lenarduzzi , Robert Schaback

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have become increasingly important due to their excellent empirical performance on a wide range of problems. However, regularization is generally achieved by indirect means, largely due to the complex set of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-07-02 Amal Rannen Triki , Maxim Berman , Matthew B. Blaschko

A new modulus of smoothness and its equivalent $K$-function are defined on the conic domains in $\mathbb{R}^d$, and used to characterize the weighted best approximation by polynomials. Both direct and weak inverse theorems of the…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2025-07-01 Yan Ge , Yuan Xu

Functions with singularities are notoriously difficult to approximate with conventional approximation schemes. In computational applications, they are often resolved with low-order piecewise polynomials, multilevel schemes, or other types…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-07-30 Nicolas Boullé , Astrid Herremans , Daan Huybrechs

We consider discrete best approximation problems in the setting of tropical algebra, which is concerned with the theory and application of algebraic systems with idempotent operations. Given a set of input--output pairs of an unknown…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-11-18 Nikolai Krivulin

In previous works, an approach to the study of cyclic functions in reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces has been presented, based on the study of so called \emph{optimal polynomial approximants}. In the present article, we extend such approach…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2020-06-08 Daniel Seco , Roberto Téllez

Approximations of functions with finite data often do not respect certain "structural" properties of the functions. For example, if a given function is non-negative, a polynomial approximation of the function is not necessarily also…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2020-08-20 Vidhi Zala , Robert M. Kirby , Akil Narayan

In this paper, it is shown that every polynomial function is mixed monotone globally with a polynomial decomposition function. For univariate polynomials, the decomposition functions can be constructed from the Gram matrix representation of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-01-21 Adam M Tahir

Universal approximation theorems provide a mathematical explanation for the expressive power of neural networks. They assert that, under mild conditions on the activation function, feedforward neural networks are dense in broad function…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Soumendu Sundar Mukherjee , Himasish Talukdar