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Distributed training techniques have been widely deployed in large-scale deep neural networks (DNNs) training on dense-GPU clusters. However, on public cloud clusters, due to the moderate inter-connection bandwidth between instances,…

Scalable machine learning over big data is an important problem that is receiving a lot of attention in recent years. On popular distributed environments such as Hadoop running on a cluster of commodity machines, communication costs are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-03-18 Dhruv Mahajan , Nikunj Agrawal , S. Sathiya Keerthi , S. Sundararajan , Leon Bottou

Large language models (LLMs) show best-in-class performance across a wide range of natural language processing applications. Training these models is an extremely computationally expensive task; frontier Artificial Intelligence (AI)…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Alexander Interrante-Grant , Carla Varela-Rosa , Suhaas Narayan , Chris Connelly , Albert Reuther

Large Language Models (LLMs) built on transformer architectures have transformed natural language processing, achieving remarkable performance across diverse applications. While distributed inference frameworks enable practical deployment…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Lang Xu , Kaushik Kandadi Suresh , Quentin Anthony , Nawras Alnaasan , Dhabaleswar K. Panda

Modern RL-based post-training for large language models (LLMs) co-locate trajectory sampling and policy optimisation on the same GPU cluster, forcing the system to switch between inference and training workloads. This serial context…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Jie Xiao , Changyuan Fan , Qingnan Ren , Alfred Long , Yuchen Zhang , Rymon Yu , Eric Yang , Lynn Ai , Shaoduo Gan

With the rapid growth in the volume of data sets, models, and devices in the domain of deep learning, there is increasing attention on large-scale distributed deep learning. In contrast to traditional distributed deep learning, the…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-04-10 Feng Liang , Zhen Zhang , Haifeng Lu , Victor C. M. Leung , Yanyi Guo , Xiping Hu

Large language models have led to state-of-the-art accuracies across a range of tasks. However, training these models efficiently is challenging for two reasons: a) GPU memory capacity is limited, making it impossible to fit large models on…

Decentralized federated learning (DFL), inherited from distributed optimization, is an emerging paradigm to leverage the explosively growing data from wireless devices in a fully distributed manner.DFL enables joint training of machine…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-10-10 Zhiyuan Zhai , Xiaojun Yuan , Xin Wang

Training large language models requires jointly configuring two interdependent aspects of the system: the global batch size, which governs statistical efficiency, and the 3D parallelism strategy, which governs hardware throughput. Existing…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Akhmed Sakip , Erland Hilman Fuadi , Omar Sayedelahl , Zonghang Li , Jianshu She , Alham Fikri Aji , Steve Liu , Eric Xing , Qirong Ho

Nowadays, large and complex deep learning (DL) models are increasingly trained in a distributed manner across multiple worker machines, in which extensive communications between workers pose serious scaling problems. In this article, we…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-11-10 Shaohuai Shi , Zhenheng Tang , Xiaowen Chu , Chengjian Liu , Wei Wang , Bo Li

Codistillation has been proposed as a mechanism to share knowledge among concurrently trained models by encouraging them to represent the same function through an auxiliary loss. This contrasts with the more commonly used fully-synchronous…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-27 Shagun Sodhani , Olivier Delalleau , Mahmoud Assran , Koustuv Sinha , Nicolas Ballas , Michael Rabbat

Communication overhead poses an important obstacle to distributed DNN training and draws increasing attention in recent years. Despite continuous efforts, prior solutions such as gradient compression/reduction, compute/communication…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-08-20 Hao Wang , Jingrong Chen , Xinchen Wan , Han Tian , Jiacheng Xia , Gaoxiong Zeng , Weiyan Wang , Kai Chen , Wei Bai , Junchen Jiang

Many compression techniques have been proposed to reduce the communication overhead of Federated Learning training procedures. However, these are typically designed for compressing model updates, which are expected to decay throughout…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-17 Ron Dorfman , Shay Vargaftik , Yaniv Ben-Itzhak , Kfir Y. Levy

Distributed learning techniques such as federated learning have enabled multiple workers to train machine learning models together to reduce the overall training time. However, current distributed training algorithms (centralized or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-25 Zhenheng Tang , Shaohuai Shi , Xiaowen Chu

This paper tackles the memory hurdle of processing long context sequences in Large Language Models (LLMs), by presenting a novel approach, Dropping In Convolutions for Long Context Compression (LoCoCo). LoCoCo employs only a fixed-size…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Ruisi Cai , Yuandong Tian , Zhangyang Wang , Beidi Chen

The escalating scale and cost of Large Language Models (LLMs) training necessitate accurate pre-training prediction of downstream task performance for comprehensive understanding of scaling properties. This is challenged by: 1) the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Chengyin Xu , Kaiyuan Chen , Xiao Li , Ke Shen , Chenggang Li

Fine-tuning the large language models (LLMs) are prevented by the deficiency of centralized control and the massive computing and communication overhead on the decentralized schemes. While the typical standard federated learning (FL)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Zehua Cheng , Rui Sun , Jiahao Sun , Yike Guo

Diffusion Large Language Models (dLLMs) are rapidly emerging alongside autoregressive models as a powerful paradigm for complex reasoning, with reinforcement learning increasingly used for downstream alignment. Existing trajectory-based RL…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Ranfei Chen , Ming Chen , Kaifei Wang

In discrete generative modeling, two dominant paradigms demonstrate divergent capabilities: Masked Diffusion Language Models (MDLM) excel at semantic understanding and zero-shot generalization, whereas Uniform-noise Diffusion Language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Yue Liu , Yuzhong Zhao , Zheyong Xie , Qixiang Ye , Jianbin Jiao , Yao Hu , Shaosheng Cao , Yunfan Liu

Diffusion models, emerging as powerful deep generative tools, excel in various applications. They operate through a two-steps process: introducing noise into training samples and then employing a model to convert random noise into new…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Huijie Zhang , Yifu Lu , Ismail Alkhouri , Saiprasad Ravishankar , Dogyoon Song , Qing Qu