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Large vision-language models revolutionized image classification and semantic segmentation paradigms. However, they typically assume a pre-defined set of categories, or vocabulary, at test time for composing textual prompts. This assumption…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-18 Alessandro Conti , Enrico Fini , Massimiliano Mancini , Paolo Rota , Yiming Wang , Elisa Ricci

Open-Vocabulary Segmentation (OVS) aims at segmenting images from free-form textual concepts without predefined training classes. While existing vision-language models such as CLIP can generate segmentation masks by leveraging coarse…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Luca Barsellotti , Lorenzo Bianchi , Nicola Messina , Fabio Carrara , Marcella Cornia , Lorenzo Baraldi , Fabrizio Falchi , Rita Cucchiara

Open-vocabulary semantic segmentation (OVSS) extends traditional closed-set segmentation by enabling pixel-wise annotation for both seen and unseen categories using arbitrary textual descriptions. While existing methods leverage…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Junyang Chen , Xiangbo Lv , Zhiqiang Kou , Xingdong Sheng , Ning Xu , Yiguo Qiao

Fine-tuning pre-trained vision-language models has emerged as a powerful approach for enhancing open-vocabulary semantic segmentation (OVSS). However, the substantial computational and resource demands associated with training on large…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Qi Chen , Lingxiao Yang , Yun Chen , Nailong Zhao , Jianhuang Lai , Jie Shao , Xiaohua Xie

Open-vocabulary semantic segmentation (OVSS) entails assigning semantic labels to each pixel in an image using textual descriptions, typically leveraging world models such as CLIP. To enhance out-of-domain generalization, we propose Cost…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Aditya Gandhamal , Aniruddh Sikdar , Suresh Sundaram

Despite the significant progress in deep learning for dense visual recognition problems, such as semantic segmentation, traditional methods are constrained by fixed class sets. Meanwhile, vision-language foundation models, such as CLIP,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-18 Sina Hajimiri , Ismail Ben Ayed , Jose Dolz

Video Instance Segmentation (VIS) aims at segmenting and categorizing objects in videos from a closed set of training categories, lacking the generalization ability to handle novel categories in real-world videos. To address this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-08 Haochen Wang , Cilin Yan , Shuai Wang , Xiaolong Jiang , XU Tang , Yao Hu , Weidi Xie , Efstratios Gavves

Referring Video Object Segmentation (RVOS) aims to segment an object of interest throughout a video based on a language description. The prominent challenge lies in aligning static text with dynamic visual content, particularly when objects…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Bingrui Zhao , Lin Yuanbo Wu , Xiangtian Fan , Deyin Liu , Lu Zhang , Ruyi He , Jialie Shen , Ximing Li

Scaling up the vocabulary of semantic segmentation models is extremely challenging because annotating large-scale mask labels is labour-intensive and time-consuming. Recently, language-guided segmentation models have been proposed to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Haojun Yu , Di Dai , Ziwei Zhao , Di He , Han Hu , Liwei Wang

Open-vocabulary part segmentation (OVPS) is an emerging research area focused on segmenting fine-grained entities using diverse and previously unseen vocabularies. Our study highlights the inherent complexities of part segmentation due to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-09 Jiho Choi , Seonho Lee , Seungho Lee , Minhyun Lee , Hyunjung Shim

Open-vocabulary semantic segmentation (OVSS) is an open-world task that aims to assign each pixel within an image to a specific class defined by arbitrary text descriptions. While large-scale vision-language models have shown remarkable…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Lin Chen , Qi Yang , Kun Ding , Zhihao Li , Gang Shen , Fei Li , Qiyuan Cao , Shiming Xiang

Foundation models have exhibited unprecedented capabilities in tackling many domains and tasks. Models such as CLIP are currently widely used to bridge cross-modal representations, and text-to-image diffusion models are arguably the leading…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Barbara Toniella Corradini , Mustafa Shukor , Paul Couairon , Guillaume Couairon , Franco Scarselli , Matthieu Cord

In this paper, we challenge the conventional practice in Open-Vocabulary Semantic Segmentation (OVSS) of using averaged class-wise text embeddings, which are typically obtained by encoding each class name with multiple templates (e.g., a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Yasser Benigmim , Mohammad Fahes , Tuan-Hung Vu , Andrei Bursuc , Raoul de Charette

Reasoning Video Object Segmentation (ReasonVOS) is a challenging task that requires stable object segmentation across video sequences using implicit and complex textual inputs. Previous methods fine-tune Multimodal Large Language Models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Zhengtong Zhu , Jiaqing Fan , Zhixuan Liu , Fanzhang Li

Open-vocabulary semantic segmentation (OVS) aims to segment images of arbitrary categories specified by class labels or captions. However, most previous best-performing methods, whether pixel grouping methods or region recognition methods,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Yuan Wang , Rui Sun , Naisong Luo , Yuwen Pan , Tianzhu Zhang

Open-vocabulary semantic segmentation (OVSS) employs pixel-level vision-language alignment to associate category-related prompts with corresponding pixels. A key challenge is enhancing the multimodal dense prediction capability,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Jiahao Li , Yang Lu , Yachao Zhang , Yong Xie , Fangyong Wang , Yuan Xie , Yanyun Qu

Open-vocabulary remote sensing image segmentation (OVRSIS) remains underexplored due to fragmented datasets, limited training diversity, and the lack of evaluation benchmarks that reflect realistic geospatial application demands. Our…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Bingyu Li , Tao Huo , Haocheng Dong , Da Zhang , Zhiyuan Zhao , Junyu Gao , Xuelong Li

Open-Vocabulary Semantic Segmentation (OVSS) assigns pixel-level labels from an open set of text-defined categories, demanding reliable generalization to unseen classes at inference. Although modern vision-language models (VLMs) support…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Saikat Dutta , Biplab Banerjee , Hamid Rezatofighi

Open-vocabulary semantic segmentation attempts to classify and outline objects in an image using arbitrary text labels, including those unseen during training. Self-supervised learning resolves numerous visual and linguistic processing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Muhammad Atta ur Rahman , Dooseop Choi , Seung-Ik Lee , KyoungWook Min

In the realm of food computing, segmenting ingredients from images poses substantial challenges due to the large intra-class variance among the same ingredients, the emergence of new ingredients, and the high annotation costs associated…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-03 Xiongwei Wu , Sicheng Yu , Ee-Peng Lim , Chong-Wah Ngo