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The growing variety of quantum hardware technologies, each with unique peculiarities such as connectivity and native gate sets, creates challenges when selecting the best platform for executing a specific quantum circuit. This selection…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-29 Antonio Tudisco , Deborah Volpe , Giacomo Orlandi , Giovanna Turvani

Quantum kernels hold great promise for offering computational advantages over classical learners, with the effectiveness of these kernels closely tied to the design of the quantum feature map. However, the challenge of designing effective…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-23 Cong Lei , Yuxuan Du , Peng Mi , Jun Yu , Tongliang Liu

Deploying quantum machine learning algorithms on near-term quantum hardware requires circuits that respect device-specific gate sets, connectivity constraints, and noise characteristics. We present a hardware-aware Neural Architecture…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-10 Adil Mubashir Chaudhry , Ali Raza Haider , Hanzla Khan , Muhammad Faryad

Quantum processors may enhance machine learning by mapping high-dimensional data onto quantum systems for processing. Conventional feature maps, for encoding data onto a quantum circuit are currently impractical, as the number of entangling…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-27 Utkarsh Singh , Jean-Frédéric Laprade , Aaron Z. Goldberg , Khabat Heshami

Quantum kernel methods offer significant theoretical benefits by rendering classically inseparable features separable in quantum space. Yet, the practical application of Quantum Machine Learning (QML), currently constrained by the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Philipp Altmann , Maximilian Mansky , Maximilian Zorn , Jonas Stein , Claudia Linnhoff-Popien

Due to several physical limitations in the realisation of quantum hardware, today's quantum computers are qualified as Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) hardware. NISQ hardware is characterized by a small number of qubits (50 to a few…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2020-10-08 Siyuan Niu , Adrien Suau , Gabriel Staffelbach , Aida Todri-Sanial

A device called a 'Gaussian Boson Sampler' has initially been proposed as a near-term demonstration of classically intractable quantum computation. As recently shown, it can also be used to decide whether two graphs are isomorphic. Based on…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-03-18 Maria Schuld , Kamil Brádler , Robert Israel , Daiqin Su , Brajesh Gupt

In this paper we present an architecture that enables the redesign of large-scale quantum circuits on quantum hardware based on the entangling quantum generative adversarial network (EQ-GAN). Specifically, by prepending a random quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-19 Runhong He , Ji Guan , Xin Hong , Guolong Cui , Shengbin Wang , Shenggang Ying

The rapid advancements in quantum computing (QC) and machine learning (ML) have led to the emergence of quantum machine learning (QML), which integrates the strengths of both fields. Among QML approaches, variational quantum circuits…

Quantum error mitigation (QEM) provides a practical route for estimating reliable observables on noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices. Traditional QEM strategies, including zero-noise extrapolation (ZNE) and Clifford data…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-21 Huaxin Wang , Xinge Wu , Jiajun Liu , Ruiqing He , Jiandong Shang , Hengliang Guo , Qiang Chen

Circuit knitting emerges as a promising technique to overcome the limitation of the few physical qubits in near-term quantum hardware by cutting large quantum circuits into smaller subcircuits. Recent research in this area has been…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-09-09 Xiangyu Ren , Mengyu Zhang , Antonio Barbalace

Despite significant efforts, the realization of the hybrid quantum-classical algorithms has predominantly been confined to proof-of-principles, mainly due to the hardware noise. With fault-tolerant implementation being a long-term goal,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-10 Srushti Patil , Dibyendu Mondal , Rahul Maitra

The quantum kernel method, a promising quantum machine learning algorithm, possesses substantial potential for demonstrating quantum advantage. Although the majority of the quantum kernel is constructed in the context of gate-based quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-15 Hsiang-Wei Huang , Shen-Liang Yang , Chuan-Chi Huang , Yueh-Nan Chen , Hong-Bin Chen

Quantum computing has been revolutionizing the development of algorithms. However, only noisy intermediate-scale quantum devices are available currently, which imposes several restrictions on the circuit implementation of quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-09-29 Jonathan H. A. de Carvalho , Fernando M. de Paula Neto

Noise in contemporary quantum hardware is highly non-uniform across qubits and couplers, giving rise to localized low-noise "islands" within otherwise noisy device topologies. As quantum workloads scale, executions are increasingly forced…

Graph neural networks (GNNs) are a powerful framework for learning representations from graph-structured data, but their direct implementation on near-term quantum hardware remains challenging due to circuit depth, multi-qubit interactions,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-19 Armin Ahmadkhaniha , Jake Doliskani

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have become common in many fields including computer vision, speech recognition, and natural language processing. Although CNN hardware accelerators are already included as part of many SoC…

Parametrised quantum circuits are a central framework for near term quantum machine learning. However, it remains challenging to determine in advance how architectural choices, such as encoding strategies, gate placement, and entangling…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-07 Kyle James Stuart Campbell , Luigi Del Debbio , Petros Wallden

Maximizing the computational utility of near-term quantum processors requires predictive noise models that inform robust, noise-aware compilation and error mitigation. Conventional models often fail to capture the complex error dynamics of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-17 Yanjun Ji , Marco Roth , David A. Kreplin , Ilia Polian , Frank K. Wilhelm

Noise mitigation and reduction will be crucial for obtaining useful answers from near-term quantum computers. In this work, we present a general framework based on machine learning for reducing the impact of quantum hardware noise on…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-02-24 Lukasz Cincio , Kenneth Rudinger , Mohan Sarovar , Patrick J. Coles
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