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In large language models (LLM)-based recommendation systems (LLM-RSs), accurately predicting user preferences by leveraging the general knowledge of LLMs is possible without requiring extensive training data. By converting recommendation…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-12-20 Genki Kusano , Kosuke Akimoto , Kunihiro Takeoka

Despite recent advances in training and prompting strategies for Large Language Models (LLMs), these models continue to face challenges with complex logical reasoning tasks that involve long reasoning chains. In this work, we explore the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Jiaming Zhou , Abbas Ghaddar , Ge Zhang , Liheng Ma , Yaochen Hu , Soumyasundar Pal , Mark Coates , Bin Wang , Yingxue Zhang , Jianye Hao

This research explores the application of large language models (LLMs) to generate synthetic datasets for Product Desirability Toolkit (PDT) testing, a key component in evaluating user sentiment and product experience. Utilizing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-11 John D. Hastings , Sherri Weitl-Harms , Joseph Doty , Zachary J. Myers , Warren Thompson

Prompting has become a practical method for utilizing pre-trained language models (LMs). This approach offers several advantages. It allows an LM to adapt to new tasks with minimal training and parameter updates, thus achieving efficiency…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-08-26 Kai-Wei Chang , Haibin Wu , Yu-Kai Wang , Yuan-Kuei Wu , Hua Shen , Wei-Cheng Tseng , Iu-thing Kang , Shang-Wen Li , Hung-yi Lee

Large Language Models (LLMs) perform best with well-crafted prompts, yet prompt engineering remains manual, inconsistent, and inaccessible to non-experts. We introduce Promptomatix, an automatic prompt optimization framework that transforms…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Rithesh Murthy , Ming Zhu , Liangwei Yang , Jielin Qiu , Juntao Tan , Shelby Heinecke , Caiming Xiong , Silvio Savarese , Huan Wang

We present PRINCIPLE-BASED PROMPTING, a simple but effective multi-agent prompting strategy for text classification. It first asks multiple LLM agents to independently generate candidate principles based on analysis of demonstration samples…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Peipei Wei , Dimitris Dimitriadis , Yan Xu , Mingwei Shen

Fine-tuning for large language models (LLMs) typically requires substantial amounts of high-quality supervised data, which is both costly and labor-intensive to acquire. While synthetic data generation has emerged as a promising solution,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Zihong Chen , Wanli Jiang , Jinzhe Li , Zhonghang Yuan , Huanjun Kong , Wanli Ouyang , Nanqing Dong

Software engineers mainly write code by editing existing programs. In contrast, language models (LMs) autoregressively synthesize programs in a single pass. One explanation for this is the scarcity of sequential edit data. While…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Ulyana Piterbarg , Lerrel Pinto , Rob Fergus

Large Language Models (LLMs) have gained widespread popularity due to their ability to perform ad-hoc Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks with a simple natural language prompt. Part of the appeal for LLMs is their approachability to the…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Aditi Mishra , Utkarsh Soni , Anjana Arunkumar , Jinbin Huang , Bum Chul Kwon , Chris Bryan

Contrastive learning (CL), a self-supervised learning approach, can effectively learn visual representations from unlabeled data. Given the CL training data, generative models can be trained to generate synthetic data to supplement the real…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-29 Yawen Wu , Zhepeng Wang , Dewen Zeng , Yiyu Shi , Jingtong Hu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently demonstrated impressive few-shot learning capabilities through in-context learning (ICL). However, ICL performance is highly dependent on the choice of few-shot demonstrations, making the selection…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Soumya Suvra Ghosal , Soumyabrata Pal , Koyel Mukherjee , Dinesh Manocha

Large Language Models (LLMs) offer a flexible means to generate synthetic tabular data, yet existing approaches often fail to preserve key causal parameters such as the average treatment effect (ATE). In this technical exploration, we first…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Dana Kim , Yichen Xu , Tiffany Lin

Prompt quality plays a critical role in the performance of large language models (LLMs), motivating a growing body of work on prompt optimization. Most existing methods optimize prompts over a fixed dataset, assuming static input…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Yaoning Yu , Ye Yu , Peiyan Zhang , Kai Wei , Haojing Luo , Haohan Wang

Speech language models (LMs) are promising for high-quality speech synthesis through in-context learning. A typical speech LM takes discrete semantic units as content and a short utterance as prompt, and synthesizes speech which preserves…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-20 Yifan Peng , Ilia Kulikov , Yilin Yang , Sravya Popuri , Hui Lu , Changhan Wang , Hongyu Gong

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable in-context learning capabilities across diverse applications. In this work, we explore the effectiveness of LLMs for generating realistic synthetic tabular data, identifying key…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-15 Jinhee Kim , Taesung Kim , Jaegul Choo

The pursuit of diverse, complex, and large-scale instruction data is crucial for automatically aligning large language models (LLMs). While there are methods capable of generating synthetic instructions at scale, they either suffer from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Chiwei Zhu , Benfeng Xu , Xiaorui Wang , Zhendong Mao

Oversampling is one of the most widely used approaches for addressing imbalanced classification. The core idea is to generate additional minority samples to rebalance the dataset. Most existing methods, such as SMOTE, require converting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Dang Nguyen , Sunil Gupta , Kien Do , Thin Nguyen , Taylor Braund , Alexis Whitton , Svetha Venkatesh

We demonstrate the ability of large language models (LLMs) to perform iterative self-improvement of robot policies. An important insight of this paper is that LLMs have a built-in ability to perform (stochastic) numerical optimization and…

Despite the rapid growth in model architecture, the scarcity of large parallel corpora remains the main bottleneck in Neural Machine Translation. Data augmentation is a technique that enhances the performance of data-hungry models by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Seokjin Oh , Su Ah Lee , Woohwan Jung

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used by software engineers for code generation. However, limitations of LLMs such as irrelevant or incorrect code have highlighted the need for prompt programming (or prompt engineering) where…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Ranim Khojah , Francisco Gomes de Oliveira Neto , Mazen Mohamad , Philipp Leitner