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Federated learning (FL) is an emerging practical framework for effective and scalable machine learning among multiple participants, such as end users, organizations and companies. However, most existing FL or distributed learning frameworks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-28 Xinyi Xu , Lingjuan Lyu

Federated Learning (FL) enables collaborative model training without centralizing client data, making it attractive for privacy-sensitive domains. While existing approaches employ cryptographic techniques such as homomorphic encryption,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Sahar Ghoflsaz Ghinani , Elaheh Sadredini

In traditional machine learning, it is trivial to conduct model evaluation since all data samples are managed centrally by a server. However, model evaluation becomes a challenging problem in federated learning (FL), which is called…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-22 Behnaz Soltani , Yipeng Zhou , Venus Haghighi , John C. S. Lui

In federated learning, client selection is a critical problem that significantly impacts both model performance and fairness. Prior studies typically treat these two objectives separately, or balance them using simple weighting schemes.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Qingming Li , Juzheng Miao , Puning Zhao , Li Zhou , H. Vicky Zhao , Shouling Ji , Bowen Zhou , Furui Liu

The issue of potential privacy leakage during centralized AI's model training has drawn intensive concern from the public. A Parallel and Distributed Computing (or PDC) scheme, termed Federated Learning (FL), has emerged as a new paradigm…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Tiansheng Huang , Weiwei Lin , Wentai Wu , Ligang He , Keqin Li , Albert Y. Zomaya

Training a model that effectively handles both common and rare data-i.e., achieving performance fairness-is crucial in federated learning (FL). While existing fair FL methods have shown effectiveness, they remain vulnerable to mislabeled…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-14 Nannan Wu , Zengqiang Yan , Nong Sang , Li Yu , Chang Wen Chen

Federated Learning (FL) is a pioneering approach in distributed machine learning, enabling collaborative model training across multiple clients while retaining data privacy. However, the inherent heterogeneity due to imbalanced resource…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-18 Suraj Racha , Shubh Gupta , Humaira Firdowse , Aastik Solanki , Ganesh Ramakrishnan , Kshitij S. Jadhav

Ensuring fairness in a Federated Learning (FL) system, i.e., a satisfactory performance for all of the participating diverse clients, is an important and challenging problem. There are multiple fair FL algorithms in the literature, which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-01 Saber Malekmohammadi , Yaoliang Yu

Federated Learning (FL) enables training ML models on edge clients without sharing data. However, the federated model's performance on local data varies, disincentivising the participation of clients who benefit little from FL. Fair FL…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-05 Alex Iacob , Pedro P. B. Gusmão , Nicholas D. Lane

Due to escalating privacy concerns, federated learning has been recognized as a vital approach for training deep neural networks with decentralized medical data. In practice, it is challenging to ensure consistent imaging quality across…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-19 Nannan Wu , Zhuo Kuang , Zengqiang Yan , Li Yu

As digital transformation continues, enterprises are generating, managing, and storing vast amounts of data, while artificial intelligence technology is rapidly advancing. However, it brings challenges in information security and data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-13 Jiale Li , Zhixin Li , Yibo Wang , Yao Li , Lei Wang

Federated learning (FL) has emerged as a key paradigm for collaborative model training across multiple clients without sharing raw data, enabling privacy-preserving applications in areas such as radiology and pathology. However, works on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Furkan Pala , Islem Rekik

Federated Learning (FL) aims at unburdening the training of deep models by distributing computation across multiple devices (clients) while safeguarding data privacy. On top of that, Federated Continual Learning (FCL) also accounts for data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Riccardo Salami , Pietro Buzzega , Matteo Mosconi , Mattia Verasani , Simone Calderara

Fairness across different demographic groups is an essential criterion for face-related tasks, Face Attribute Classification (FAC) being a prominent example. Apart from this trend, Federated Learning (FL) is increasingly gaining traction as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-27 Samhita Kanaparthy , Manisha Padala , Sankarshan Damle , Ravi Kiran Sarvadevabhatla , Sujit Gujar

Federated Learning (FL) has been extensively employed for a number of applications in machine learning, i.e., primarily owing to its privacy preserving nature and efficiency in mitigating the communication overhead. Internet of Vehicles…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Fahmida Islam , Adnan Mahmood , Noorain Mukhtiar , Kasun Eranda Wijethilake , Quan Z. Sheng

Federated active learning (FAL) seeks to reduce annotation cost under privacy constraints, yet its effectiveness degrades in realistic settings with severe global class imbalance and highly heterogeneous clients. We conduct a systematic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Chen-Chen Zong , Sheng-Jun Huang

Federated Learning (FL) enables collaborative training across multiple clients while preserving data privacy, yet it struggles with data heterogeneity, where clients' data are not distributed independently and identically (non-IID). This…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Incheol Baek , Hyungbin Kim , Minseo Kim , Yon Dohn Chung

Federated Learning (FL) is a distributed machine learning paradigm that enables learning models from decentralized private datasets, where the labeling effort is entrusted to the clients. While most existing FL approaches assume…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-29 Vasileios Tsouvalas , Aaqib Saeed , Tanir Ozcelebi , Nirvana Meratnia

Federated learning (FL) is a distributed machine learning paradigm enabling collaborative model training while preserving data privacy. In today's landscape, where most data is proprietary, confidential, and distributed, FL has become a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Zilinghan Li , Shilan He , Ze Yang , Minseok Ryu , Kibaek Kim , Ravi Madduri

Federated learning (FL) is a distributed machine learning approach involving multiple clients collaboratively training a shared model. Such a system has the advantage of more training data from multiple clients, but data can be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-24 Sone Kyaw Pye , Han Yu