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Neural Audio Codecs, initially designed as a compression technique, have gained more attention recently for speech generation. Codec models represent each audio frame as a sequence of tokens, i.e., discrete embeddings. The discrete and…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-31 Alexander H. Liu , Qirui Wang , Yuan Gong , James Glass

This paper considers the joint compression and enhancement problem for speech signal in the presence of noise. Recently, the SoundStream codec, which relies on end-to-end joint training of an encoder-decoder pair and a residual vector…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Jiayi Huang , Zeyu Yan , Wenbin Jiang , He Wang , Fei Wen

Recently, speech codecs based on neural networks have proven to perform better than traditional methods. However, redundancy in traditional parameter quantization is visible within the codec architecture of combining the traditional codec…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-07-26 Youqiang Zheng , Li Xiao , Weiping Tu , Yuhong Yang , Xinmeng Xu

Recurrent neural networks have proved to be an effective method for statistical language modeling. However, in practice their memory and run-time complexity are usually too large to be implemented in real-time offline mobile applications.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-04-09 Artem M. Grachev , Dmitry I. Ignatov , Andrey V. Savchenko

Neural audio compression has emerged as a promising technology for efficiently representing speech, music, and general audio. However, existing methods suffer from significant performance degradation at limited bitrates, where the available…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Jin Wang , Wenbin Jiang , Xiangbo Wang , Yubo You , Sheng Fang

Audio coding is an essential module in the real-time communication system. Neural audio codecs can compress audio samples with a low bitrate due to the strong modeling and generative capabilities of deep neural networks. To address the poor…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-10-18 Wenzhe Liu , Wei Xiao , Meng Wang , Shan Yang , Yupeng Shi , Yuyong Kang , Dan Su , Shidong Shang , Dong Yu

This paper presents PhoenixCodec, a comprehensive neural speech coding and decoding framework designed for extremely low-resource conditions. The proposed system integrates an optimized asymmetric frequency-time architecture, a Cyclical…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-24 Zixiang Wan , Haoran Zhao , Guochang Zhang , Runqiang Han , Jianqiang Wei , Yuexian Zou

The long speech sequence has been troubling language models (LM) based TTS approaches in terms of modeling complexity and efficiency. This work proposes SoCodec, a semantic-ordered multi-stream speech codec, to address this issue. It…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Haohan Guo , Fenglong Xie , Kun Xie , Dongchao Yang , Dake Guo , Xixin Wu , Helen Meng

Residual Vector Quantization (RVQ) has become a dominant approach in neural speech and audio coding, providing high-fidelity compression. However, speech coding presents additional challenges due to real-world noise, which degrades…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Yunkee Chae , Kyogu Lee

Neural speech codecs have revolutionized speech coding, achieving higher compression while preserving audio fidelity. Beyond compression, they have emerged as tokenization strategies, enabling language modeling on speech and driving…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-02 Wei-Cheng Tseng , David Harwath

Recurrent neural language models are the state-of-the-art models for language modeling. When the vocabulary size is large, the space taken to store the model parameters becomes the bottleneck for the use of recurrent neural language models.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-12-25 Zhongliang Li , Raymond Kulhanek , Shaojun Wang , Yunxin Zhao , Shuang Wu

Token-based language modeling is a prominent approach for speech generation, where tokens are obtained by quantizing features from self-supervised learning (SSL) models and extracting codes from neural speech codecs, generally referred to…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-30 Yang Yang , Yunpeng Li , George Sung , Shao-Fu Shih , Craig Dooley , Alessio Centazzo , Ramanan Rajeswaran

Modern speech enhancement algorithms achieve remarkable noise suppression by means of large recurrent neural networks (RNNs). However, large RNNs limit practical deployment in hearing aid hardware (HW) form-factors, which are battery…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-09-15 Igor Fedorov , Marko Stamenovic , Carl Jensen , Li-Chia Yang , Ari Mandell , Yiming Gan , Matthew Mattina , Paul N. Whatmough

Recently, neural networks have proven to be effective in performing speech coding task at low bitrates. However, under-utilization of intra-frame correlations and the error of quantizer specifically degrade the reconstructed audio quality.…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-02-05 Linping Xu , Jiawei Jiang , Dejun Zhang , Xianjun Xia , Li Chen , Yijian Xiao , Piao Ding , Shenyi Song , Sixing Yin , Ferdous Sohel

In this paper, we propose a neural-based coding scheme in which an artificial neural network is exploited to automatically compress and decompress speech signals by a trainable approach. Having a two-stage training phase, the system can be…

Sound · Computer Science 2016-01-25 Mahmood Yousefi-Azar , Farbod Razzazi

Efficient video coding is highly dependent on exploiting the temporal redundancy, which is usually achieved by extracting and leveraging the temporal context in the emerging conditional coding-based neural video codec (NVC). Although the…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-21 Chuanbo Tang , Zhuoyuan Li , Yifan Bian , Li Li , Dong Liu

Neural audio codecs have recently enabled high-fidelity reconstruction at high compression rates, especially for speech. However, speech and non-speech audio exhibit fundamentally different spectral characteristics: speech energy…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-11 Haoran Wang , Jiatong Shi , Jinchuan Tian , Bohan Li , Kai Yu , Shinji Watanabe

Speech compression is commonly used to send voice over radio channels in applications such as mobile telephony and two-way push-to-talk (PTT) radio. In classical systems, the speech codec is combined with forward error correction,…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-29 David Rowe , Jean-Marc Valin

Video Large Language Models (Video LLMs) achieve strong performance on video understanding tasks but suffer from high inference costs due to the large number of visual tokens. We propose KiToke, a training-free, query-agnostic token…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Haifeng Huang , Yang Li

In bandwidth-constrained communication such as satellite and underwater channels, speech must often be transmitted at ultra-low bitrates where intelligibility is the primary objective. At such extreme compression levels, codecs trained with…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Junyi Wang , Chi Zhang , Jing Qian , Haifeng Luo , Hao Wang , Zengrui Jin , Chao Zhang