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Air-gap covert channels are special types of covert communication channels that enable attackers to exfiltrate data from isolated, network-less computers. Various types of air-gap covert channels have been demonstrated over the years,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-04-15 Mordechai Guri

A covert communication system under block fading channels is considered where users experience uncertainty about their channel knowledge. The transmitter seeks to hide the covert communication to a private user by exploiting a legitimate…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-03-08 Khurram Shahzad , Xiangyun Zhou , Shihao Yan

Covert communication has become an important area of research in computer security. It involves hiding specific information on a carrier for message transmission and is often used to transmit private data, military secrets, and even…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-05 Junchuan Liang , Rong Wang

A Covert Channel (CC) exploits legitimate communication mechanisms to stealthily transmit information, often bypassing traditional security controls. Among these, a novel paradigm called History Covert Channels (HCC) leverages past network…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Christoph Weissenborn , Steffen Wendzel

Lightweight cryptography is a novel diversion from conventional cryptography that targets internet-of-things (IoT) platform due to resource constraints. In comparison, it offers smaller cryptographic primitives such as shorter key sizes,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-12-24 Nilupulee A. Gunathilake , Ahmed Al-Dubai , William J. Buchanan , Owen Lo

This paper explores a new secure wireless communication paradigm where the physical layer security technology is applied to counteract both the detection and eavesdropping attacks, such that the critical covertness and secrecy properties of…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-03-11 Huihui Wu , Yuanyu Zhang , Yulong Shen , Xiaohong Jiang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have gained significant popularity recently. LLMs are susceptible to various attacks but can also improve the security of diverse systems. However, besides enabling more secure systems, how well do open source…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Simen Gaure , Stefanos Koffas , Stjepan Picek , Sondre Rønjom

It has been assumed that the physical separation (air-gap) of computers provides a reliable level of security, such that should two adjacent computers become compromised, the covert exchange of data between them would be impossible. In this…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2015-03-30 Mordechai Guri , Matan Monitz , Yisroel Mirski , Yuval Elovici

Wireless covert channels promise to exfiltrate information with high bandwidth by circumventing traditional access control mechanisms. Ideally, they are only accessible by the intended recipient and---for regular system…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2015-05-06 Jiska Classen , Matthias Schulz , Matthias Hollick

Air-gapped systems are physically separated from external networks, including the Internet. This isolation is achieved by keeping the air-gap computers disconnected from wired or wireless networks, preventing direct or remote communication…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-05 Mordechai Guri

Deep learning-based semantic communication (SemCom) has emerged as a promising paradigm for next-generation wireless networks, offering superior transmission efficiency by extracting and conveying task-relevant semantic latent…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Zhiyuan Xi , Kun Zhu

Widely-deployed encryption-based security prevents unauthorized decoding, but does not ensure undetectability of communication. However, covert, or low probability of detection/intercept (LPD/LPI) communication is crucial in many scenarios…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2015-06-02 Boulat A. Bash , Dennis Goeckel , Saikat Guha , Don Towsley

Terahertz communications offer unprecedented data rates for next-generation wireless networks but suffer blockage susceptibility that restrict coverage and introduce physical-layer security vulnerabilities. Non-line-of-sight relay schemes…

Applied Physics · Physics 2025-08-07 Peian Li , Wenbo Liu , Jiabiao Zhao , Jiayuan Cui , Yapeng Ge , Qiang Niu , Yuping Yang , Xiangzhu Meng , Jianjun Ma

Infrared (IR) light is invisible to humans, but cameras are optically sensitive to this type of light. In this paper, we show how attackers can use surveillance cameras and infrared light to establish bi-directional covert communication…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-09-19 Mordechai Guri , Dima Bykhovsky , Yuval Elovici

Different polar coding schemes are proposed for the memoryless degraded broadcast channel under different reliability and secrecy requirements: layered decoding and/or layered secrecy. In this setting, the transmitter wishes to send…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-06-19 Jaume del Olmo , Javier R. Fonollosa

Covert channel techniques are used by attackers to transfer data in a way prohibited by the security policy. There are two main categories of covert channels: timing channels and storage channels. This paper introduces a new storage channel…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2011-05-17 Steffen Wendzel

In this paper, we consider fundamental communication limits over a compound channel. Covert communication in the information-theoretic context has been primarily concerned with fundamental limits when the transmitter wishes to communicate…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2019-06-18 Sadaf Salehkalaibar , Mohammad Hossein Yassaee , Vincent Y. F. Tan

In the last decade, there has been a growing realization that the current Internet Protocol is reaching the limits of its senescence. This has prompted several research efforts that aim to design potential next-generation Internet…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2013-11-12 Moreno Ambrosin , Mauro Conti , Paolo Gasti , Gene Tsudik

This paper investigates robust secure communications in a near-field integrated sensing, communication, and powering (ISCAP) system, in which the base station (BS) is equipped with an extremely large-scale antenna array (ELAA). In this…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-22 Zixiang Ren , Siyao Zhang , Ling Qiu , Derrick Wing Kwan Ng , Jie Xu

Over the years, several security vulnerabilities in the 3GPP cellular systems have been demonstrated in the literature. Most studies focus on higher layers of the cellular radio stack, such as the RRC and NAS, which are cryptographically…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Norbert Ludant , Marinos Vomvas , Guevara Noubir