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The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) in recent years has revolutionized the AI landscape. However, the deployment model and usage of LLM services remain highly centralized, creating significant trust issues and costs for…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Hongbo Liu , Jiannong Cao , Bo Yang , Dongbin Bai , Yinfeng Cao , Xiaoming Shen , Yinan Zhang , Jinwen Liang , Shan Jiang , Mingjin Zhang

Federated Learning (FL) enables collaborative model training without sharing raw data, preserving privacy while harnessing distributed datasets. However, traditional FL systems often rely on centralized aggregating mechanisms, introducing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Bijun Wu , Oshani Seneviratne

The unprecedented performance of large language models (LLMs) necessitates improvements in evaluations. Rather than merely exploring the breadth of LLM abilities, we believe meticulous and thoughtful designs are essential to thorough,…

The irreversible nature of blockchain transactions makes the identification of smart contract vulnerabilities an essential requirement for secure system development. While Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly integrated into…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Stefan-Claudiu Susan , Andrei Arusoaie , Dorel Lucanu

Disconnected data silos within enterprises obstruct the extraction of actionable insights, diminishing efficiency in areas such as product development, client engagement, meeting preparation, and analytics-driven decision-making. This paper…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Rajeev Kumar , Kumar Ishan , Harishankar Kumar , Abhinandan Singla

Blockchain is a radical innovation with a unique value proposition that shifts trust from institutions to algorithms. Still, the potential of blockchains remains elusive due to knowledge gaps between computer science research and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-05-06 Olga Labazova , Erol Kazan , Tobias Dehling , Tuure Tuunanen , Ali Sunyaev

As the public Ethereum network surpasses half a billion transactions and enterprise Blockchain systems becoming highly capable of meeting the demands of global deployments, production Blockchain applications are fast becoming commonplace…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-09-24 Evan Brinckman , Andrey Kuehlkamp , Jarek Nabrzyski , Ian J. Taylor

While Large Language Models (LLM) are able to accumulate and restore knowledge, they are still prone to hallucination. Especially when faced with factual questions, LLM cannot only rely on knowledge stored in parameters to guarantee…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-04 Pierre Erbacher , Louis Falissar , Vincent Guigue , Laure Soulier

Large language models (LLMs) often encounter knowledge conflicts, scenarios where discrepancy arises between the internal parametric knowledge of LLMs and non-parametric information provided in the prompt context. In this work we ask what…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Yike Wang , Shangbin Feng , Heng Wang , Weijia Shi , Vidhisha Balachandran , Tianxing He , Yulia Tsvetkov

With the development of communication technologies in 5G networks and the Internet of things (IoT), a massive amount of generated data can improve machine learning (ML) inference through data sharing. However, security and privacy concerns…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-07-20 Haemin Lee , Joongheon Kim

Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as highly capable systems and are increasingly being integrated into various uses. However, the rapid pace of their deployment has outpaced a comprehensive understanding of their internal mechanisms…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Gabriele Prato , Jerry Huang , Prasanna Parthasarathi , Shagun Sodhani , Sarath Chandar

This paper describes the deployment and implementation of a blockchain to improve the security, knowledge, intelligence and collaboration during the inter-agent communication processes in restrict domains of the Internet Infrastructure. It…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-08-10 Juliao Braga , Joao Nuno Silva , Patricia Takako Endo , Jessica Ribas , Nizam Omar

In the context of Multi-access Edge Computing (MEC), the task sharing mechanism among edge servers is an activity of vital importance for speeding up the computing process and thereby improve user experience. The distributed resources in…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2020-06-26 Angelo Vera Rivera , Ahmed Refaey , Ekram Hossain

Large language models (LLMs) suffer from the hallucination problem and face significant challenges when applied to knowledge-intensive tasks. A promising approach is to leverage evidence documents as extra supporting knowledge, which can be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-25 Xinxin Zheng , Feihu Che , Jinyang Wu , Shuai Zhang , Shuai Nie , Kang Liu , Jianhua Tao

LLMs and AI chatbots have improved people's efficiency in various fields. However, the necessary knowledge for answering the question may be beyond the models' knowledge boundaries. To mitigate this issue, many researchers try to introduce…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-15 Yi Liu , Lianzhe Huang , Shicheng Li , Sishuo Chen , Hao Zhou , Fandong Meng , Jie Zhou , Xu Sun

Large language models (LLMs) have shown promise for generative and knowledge-intensive tasks including question-answering (QA) tasks. However, the practical deployment still faces challenges, notably the issue of "hallucination", where…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-11 Ziwei Ji , Tiezheng Yu , Yan Xu , Nayeon Lee , Etsuko Ishii , Pascale Fung

Blockchain represents a technology for establishing a shared, immutable version of the truth between a network of participants that do not trust one another, and therefore has the potential to disrupt any financial or other industries that…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2016-11-02 Marek Laskowski , Henry M. Kim

Integrating external knowledge into large language models (LLMs) presents a promising solution to overcome the limitations imposed by their antiquated and static parametric memory. Prior studies, however, have tended to over-reliance on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-30 Hao Zhang , Yuyang Zhang , Xiaoguang Li , Wenxuan Shi , Haonan Xu , Huanshuo Liu , Yasheng Wang , Lifeng Shang , Qun Liu , Yong Liu , Ruiming Tang

Equipped with Chain-of-Thought (CoT), Large language models (LLMs) have shown impressive reasoning ability in various downstream tasks. Even so, suffering from hallucinations and the inability to access external knowledge, LLMs often come…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Keheng Wang , Feiyu Duan , Sirui Wang , Peiguang Li , Yunsen Xian , Chuantao Yin , Wenge Rong , Zhang Xiong

While centralized servers pose a risk of being a single point of failure, decentralized approaches like blockchain offer a compelling solution by implementing a consensus mechanism among multiple entities. Merging distributed computing with…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-29 Ji Liu , Chunlu Chen , Yu Li , Lin Sun , Yulun Song , Jingbo Zhou , Bo Jing , Dejing Dou