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Segmentation is an important analysis task for biomedical images, enabling the study of individual organelles, cells or organs. Deep learning has massively improved segmentation methods, but challenges remain in generalization to new…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Carolin Teuber , Anwai Archit , Constantin Pape

Purpose: Accurate segmentation of prostate cancer on magnetic resonance (MR) images is crucial for planning image-guided interventions such as targeted biopsies, cryoablation, and radiotherapy. However, subtle and variable tumour…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-23 Junqing Yang , Natasha Thorley , Ahmed Nadeem Abbasi , Shonit Punwani , Zion Tse , Yipeng Hu , Shaheer U. Saeed

Artificial intelligence (AI) techniques for image-based segmentation have garnered much attention in recent years. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have shown impressive results and potential towards fully automated segmentation in…

Medical Physics · Physics 2021-11-17 Fereshteh Yousefirizi , Abhinav K. Jha , Julia Brosch-Lenz , Babak Saboury , Arman Rahmim

Medical image segmentation is vital for clinical diagnosis and quantitative analysis, yet remains challenging due to the heterogeneity of imaging modalities and the high cost of pixel-level annotations. Although general interactive…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Yujie Lu , Jingwen Li , Sibo Ju , Yanzhou Su , he yao , Yisong Liu , Min Zhu , Junlong Cheng

In recent years, computational pathology has seen tremendous progress driven by deep learning methods in segmentation and classification tasks aiding prognostic and diagnostic settings. Nuclei segmentation, for instance, is an important…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-03-22 Aman Shrivastava , P. Thomas Fletcher

Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) combined with computed tomography (CT) is considered the primary solution for detecting some cancers, such as lung cancer and melanoma. Automatic segmentation of tumors in PET/CT…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-09-15 Linghan Cai , Jianhao Huang , Zihang Zhu , Jinpeng Lu , Yongbing Zhang

To address prevalent issues in medical imaging, such as data acquisition challenges and label availability, transfer learning from natural to medical image domains serves as a viable strategy to produce reliable segmentation results.…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-11-15 Hao Li , Han Liu , Dewei Hu , Jiacheng Wang , Ipek Oguz

Medical image segmentation is challenging due to overlapping anatomies with ambiguous boundaries and a severe imbalance between the foreground and background classes, which particularly affects the delineation of small lesions. Existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Hao Shao , Qibin Hou

Accurate lesion segmentation is essential in medical image analysis, yet most existing methods are designed for specific anatomical sites or imaging modalities, limiting their generalizability. Recent vision-language foundation models…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-30 Guoping Xu , Jayaram K. Udupa , Yubing Tong , Xin Long , Ying Zhang , Jie Deng , Weiguo Lu , You Zhang

The realm of medical image diagnosis has advanced significantly with the integration of computer-aided diagnosis and surgical systems. However, challenges persist, particularly in achieving precise image segmentation. While deep learning…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-08-24 Mutyyba Asghar , Ahmad Raza Shahid , Akhtar Jamil , Kiran Aftab , Syed Ather Enam

Automatic polyp segmentation is crucial for effective diagnosis and treatment in colonoscopy images. Traditional methods encounter significant challenges in accurately delineating polyps due to limitations in feature representation and the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-03 Quang Vinh Nguyen , Thanh Hoang Son Vo , Sae-Ryung Kang , Soo-Hyung Kim

Segment Anything Model (SAM) is one of the pioneering prompt-based foundation models for image segmentation and has been rapidly adopted for various medical imaging applications. However, in clinical settings, creating effective prompts is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Chengyin Li , Prashant Khanduri , Yao Qiang , Rafi Ibn Sultan , Indrin Chetty , Dongxiao Zhu

Brain tumor segmentation presents a formidable challenge in the field of Medical Image Segmentation. While deep-learning models have been useful, human expert segmentation remains the most accurate method. The recently released Segment…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-10-11 Mohammad Peivandi , Jason Zhang , Michael Lu , Dongxiao Zhu , Zhifeng Kou

Automatic image segmentation is a critical component of medical image analysis, and hence quantifying segmentation performance is crucial. Challenges in medical image segmentation are mainly due to spatial variations of regions to be…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-09-09 Ammu R , Neelam Sinha

Lesion segmentation is inherently influenced by imaging uncertainty, arising from ill-defined lesion boundaries and inter-observer variability in diagnosis. To address this challenge, previous works formulated the multi-rater medical image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Ke Liu , Shangde Gao , Yichao Fu , Shuaike Shen , Shangqi Gao , Chunhua Shen

Medical imaging plays a critical role in the diagnosis and treatment planning of various medical conditions, with radiology and pathology heavily reliant on precise image segmentation. The Segment Anything Model (SAM) has emerged as a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Amin Ranem , Niklas Babendererde , Moritz Fuchs , Anirban Mukhopadhyay

The task of medical image segmentation presents unique challenges, necessitating both localized and holistic semantic understanding to accurately delineate areas of interest, such as critical tissues or aberrant features. This complexity is…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-08-22 Pranav Singh , Luoyao Chen , Mei Chen , Jinqian Pan , Raviteja Chukkapalli , Shravan Chaudhari , Jacopo Cirrone

Image segmentation is often performed on medical images for identifying diseases in clinical evaluation. Hence it has become one of the major research areas. Conventional image segmentation techniques are unable to provide satisfactory…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-02-13 Pratik Kalshetti , Manas Bundele , Parag Rahangdale , Dinesh Jangra , Chiranjoy Chattopadhyay , Gaurav Harit , Abhay Elhence

Tissue semantic segmentation is one of the key tasks in computational pathology. To avoid the expensive and laborious acquisition of pixel-level annotations, a wide range of studies attempt to adopt the class activation map (CAM), a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Zijie Fang , Yifeng Wang , Peizhang Xie , Zhi Wang , Yongbing Zhang

Instance segmentation of nuclei and glands in the histology images is an important step in computational pathology workflow for cancer diagnosis, treatment planning and survival analysis. With the advent of modern hardware, the recent…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-12-27 Esha Sadia Nasir , Arshi Perviaz , Muhammad Moazam Fraz