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Related papers: Antibody Design and Optimization with Multi-scale …

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Structure-based drug design (SBDD) leverages the three-dimensional geometry of proteins to identify potential drug candidates. Traditional approaches, rooted in physicochemical modeling and domain expertise, are often resource-intensive.…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2024-11-19 Zaixi Zhang , Jiaxian Yan , Yining Huang , Qi Liu , Enhong Chen , Mengdi Wang , Marinka Zitnik

How can diffusion models process 3D geometries in a coarse-to-fine manner, akin to our multiscale view of the world? In this paper, we address the question by focusing on a fundamental biochemical problem of generating 3D molecular…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Jiwoong Park , Yang Shen

The development of therapeutic antibodies heavily relies on accurate predictions of how antigens will interact with antibodies. Existing computational methods in antibody design often overlook crucial conformational changes that antigens…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2025-03-05 Cheng Tan , Yijie Zhang , Zhangyang Gao , Yufei Huang , Haitao Lin , Lirong Wu , Fandi Wu , Mathieu Blanchette , Stan. Z. Li

We consider the problem of antibody sequence design given 3D structural information. Building on previous work, we propose a fine-tuned inverse folding model that is specifically optimised for antibody structures and outperforms generic…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2023-10-31 Frédéric A. Dreyer , Daniel Cutting , Constantin Schneider , Henry Kenlay , Charlotte M. Deane

Computational antibody design has seen rapid methodological progress, with dozens of deep generative methods proposed in the past three years, yet the field lacks a standardized benchmark for fair comparison and model development. These…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Mansoor Ahmed , Nadeem Taj , Imdad Ullah Khan , Hemanth Venkateswara , Murray Patterson

Structure-based drug design (SBDD) aims to design small-molecule ligands that bind with high affinity and specificity to pre-determined protein targets. Generative SBDD methods leverage structural data of drugs in complex with their protein…

Therapeutic antibody candidates often require extensive engineering to improve key functional and developability properties before clinical development. This can be achieved through iterative design, where starting molecules are optimized…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Aniruddh Raghu , Sebastian Ober , Maxwell Kazman , Hunter Elliott

Predicting the binding free energy between antibodies and antigens is a key challenge in structure-aware biomolecular modeling, with direct implications for antibody design. Most existing methods either rely solely on sequence embeddings or…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2025-08-28 Ciyuan Yu , Hongzong Li , Jiahao Ma , Shiqin Tang , Ye-Fan Hu , Jian-Dong Huang

Complementarity Determining Regions (CDRs) are critical segments of an antibody that facilitate binding to specific antigens. Current computational methods for CDR design utilize reconstruction losses and do not jointly optimize binding…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Abrar Rahman Abir , Haz Sameen Shahgir , Md Rownok Zahan Ratul , Md Toki Tahmid , Greg Ver Steeg , Yue Dong

Antibodies, crucial for immune defense, primarily rely on complementarity-determining regions (CDRs) to bind and neutralize antigens, such as viruses. The design of these CDRs determines the antibody's affinity and specificity towards its…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2024-09-10 Paulina Kulytė , Francisco Vargas , Simon Valentin Mathis , Yu Guang Wang , José Miguel Hernández-Lobato , Pietro Liò

Antibodies are versatile proteins that bind to pathogens like viruses and stimulate the adaptive immune system. The specificity of antibody binding is determined by complementarity-determining regions (CDRs) at the tips of these Y-shaped…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2022-01-31 Wengong Jin , Jeremy Wohlwend , Regina Barzilay , Tommi Jaakkola

Comparative analysis of adaptive immune repertoires at population scale is hampered by two practical bottlenecks: the near-quadratic cost of pairwise affinity evaluations and dataset imbalances that obscure clinically important minority…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Rong Fu , Zijian Zhang , Kun Liu , Jiekai Wu , Xianda Li , Simon Fong

Therapeutic antibodies have been extensively studied in drug discovery and development in the past decades. Antibodies are specialized protective proteins that bind to antigens in a lock-to-key manner. The binding strength/affinity between…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Bohao Xu , Yanbo Wang , Wenyu Chen , Shimin Shan

Accurate prediction of antibody-antigen (Ab-Ag) binding affinity is essential for therapeutic design and vaccine development, yet the performance of current models is limited by noisy experimental labels, heterogeneous assay conditions, and…

Recent advances in diffusion models have shown remarkable potential for antibody design, yet existing approaches apply uniform generation strategies that cannot adapt to each antigen's unique requirements. Inspired by B cell affinity…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Hanqi Feng , Peng Qiu , Mengchun Zhang , Yiran Tao , You Fan , Jingtao Xu , Barnabas Poczos

Breakthroughs in high-accuracy protein structure prediction, such as AlphaFold, have established receptor-based molecule design as a critical driver for rapid early-phase drug discovery. However, most approaches still struggle to balance…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2025-06-18 Dong Xu , Zhangfan Yang , Ka-chun Wong , Zexuan Zhu , Jiangqiang Li , Junkai Ji

Most earlier 3D structure-based molecular generation approaches follow an atom-wise paradigm, incrementally adding atoms to a partially built molecular fragment within protein pockets. These methods, while effective in designing tightly…

The adaptive immune response, largely mediated by B-cell receptors (BCRs), plays a crucial role for effective pathogen neutralization due to its diversity and antigen specificity. Designing BCRs de novo, or from scratch, has been…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2024-09-11 Desmond Kuan , Amir Barati Farimani

Equivariant graph neural network (GNN) methods for antibody complementarity-determining region (CDR) design achieve the highest sequence recovery but suffer from severe vocabulary collapse. The current best GNN methods over-predict very few…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Mansoor Ahmed , Sujin Lee , Umar Khayaz , Murray Patterson

We introduce IgDiff, an antibody variable domain diffusion model based on a general protein backbone diffusion framework which was extended to handle multiple chains. Assessing the designability and novelty of the structures generated with…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2024-05-14 Daniel Cutting , Frédéric A. Dreyer , David Errington , Constantin Schneider , Charlotte M. Deane