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Competing risk models are survival models with several events of interest acting in competition and whose occurrence is only observed for the event that occurs first in time. This paper presents a Bayesian approach to these models in which…

The study of times to nonterminal events of different types and their interrelation is a compelling area of interest. The primary challenge in analyzing such multivariate event times is the presence of informative censoring by the terminal…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-07-29 Xinyuan Chen , Yiwei Li , Qian M. Zhou

Time-to-event analysis often relies on prior parametric assumptions, or, if a non-parametric approach is chosen, Cox's model. This is inherently tied to the assumption of proportional hazards, with the analysis potentially invalidated if…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-03-15 Lucia Ameis , Oliver Kuß , Annika Hoyer , Kathrin Möllenhoff

In clinical trials with recurrent events, such as repeated hospitalizations terminating with death, it is important to consider the patient events overall history for a thorough assessment of treatment effects. The occurrence of fewer…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-09-08 Alessandra Ragni , Torben Martinussen , Thomas Scheike

Participant noncompliance, in which participants do not follow their assigned treatment protocol, often obscures the causal relationship between treatment and treatment effect in randomized trials. In the longitudinal setting, the…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-02-09 Ross L Peterson , David M Vock , Joseph S Koopmeiners

Cardiovascular diseases are major causes of mortality globally. They often co-occur and are interrelated, leading to partial-order relationships among their onset times. However, these onset times are subject to informative censoring due to…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-04-07 Tonghui Yu , Liming Xiang

We study the conditional expert Kaplan-Meier estimator, an extension of the classical Kaplan--Meier estimator designed for time-to-event data subject to both right-censoring and contamination. Such contamination, where observed events may…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-01-06 Martin Bladt , Kristian Vilhelm Dinesen

While recurrent event analyses have been extensively studied, limited attention has been given to causal inference within the framework of recurrent event analysis. We develop a multiply robust estimation framework for causal inference in…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-09-30 Benjamin R. Baer , Trang Bui , Daniel Mork , Robert L. Strawderman , Ashkan Ertefaie

Longitudinal settings involving outcome, competing risks and censoring events occurring and recurring in continuous time are common in medical research, but are often analyzed with methods that do not allow for taking post-baseline…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-04-14 Helene C. W. Rytgaard , Mark J. van der Laan

Post-randomization events, also known as intercurrent events, such as treatment noncompliance and censoring due to a terminal event, are common in clinical trials. Principal stratification is a framework for causal inference in the presence…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-01-19 Bo Liu , Lisa Wruck , Fan Li

Causal graphs may inform covariate adjustment for estimating causal effects and improve estimation efficiency by exploiting the graphical structure. In many applications, however, the target causal parameter may not be point-identified due…

How should researchers conduct causal inference when the outcome of interest is latent and measured imperfectly by multiple indicators? We develop a general nonparametric framework for identifying and estimating average treatment effects on…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-04-22 Jiawei Fu , Donald P. Green

In this paper, we develop a semiparametric sensitivity analysis approach designed to address unmeasured confounding in observational studies with time-to-event outcomes. We target estimation of the marginal distributions of potential…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-11-21 Linda Amoafo , Shiyao Xu , Elizabeth Platz , Daniel Scharfstein

We propose autoregressive Bayesian semi-parametric models for waiting times between recurrent events. The aim is two-fold: inference on the effect of possibly time-varying covariates on the gap times and clustering of individuals based on…

Applications · Statistics 2016-07-28 Marta Tallarita , Maria De Iorio , Alessandra Guglielmi , James Malone-Lee

Multi-state models provide an extension of the usual survival/event-history analysis setting. In the medical domain, multi-state models give the possibility of further investigating intermediate events such as relapse and remission. In this…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-06-24 D. Manevski , H. Putter , M. Pohar Perme , E. F. Bonneville , J. Schetelig , L. C. de Wreede

Long-term causal inference has drawn increasing attention in many scientific domains. Existing methods mainly focus on estimating average long-term causal effects by combining long-term observational data and short-term experimental data.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Weilin Chen , Ruichu Cai , Junjie Wan , Zeqin Yang , José Miguel Hernández-Lobato

Longitudinal modified treatment policies (LMTP) have been recently developed as a novel method to define and estimate causal parameters that depend on the natural value of treatment. LMTPs represent an important advancement in causal…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-02-06 Iván Díaz , Katherine L Hoffman , Nima S. Hejazi

Complex biological processes are usually experimented along time among a collection of individuals. Longitudinal data are then available and the statistical challenge is to better understand the underlying biological mechanisms. The…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2015-06-11 Pierre Barbillon , Célia Barthélémy , Adeline Samson

Many research questions concern treatment effects on outcomes that can recur several times in the same individual. For example, medical researchers are interested in treatment effects on hospitalizations in heart failure patients and sports…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-12-31 Matias Janvin , Jessica G. Young , Pål C. Ryalen , Mats J. Stensrud

Interval-censoring frequently occurs in studies of chronic diseases where disease status is inferred from intermittently collected biomarkers. Although many methods have been developed to analyze such data, they typically assume perfect…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-26 Yuhao Deng , Donglin Zeng , Yuanjia Wang