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Intensive computation is entering data centers with multiple workloads of deep learning. To balance the compute efficiency, performance, and total cost of ownership (TCO), the use of a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-09-19 Xiaoyu Yu , Yuwei Wang , Jie Miao , Ephrem Wu , Heng Zhang , Yu Meng , Bo Zhang , Biao Min , Dewei Chen , Jianlin Gao

Binarized neural networks (BNNs) are gaining interest in the deep learning community due to their significantly lower computational and memory cost. They are particularly well suited to reconfigurable logic devices, which contain an…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-01-30 Nicholas J. Fraser , Yaman Umuroglu , Giulio Gambardella , Michaela Blott , Philip Leong , Magnus Jahre , Kees Vissers

Real-time Deep Neural Network (DNN) inference with low-latency requirement has become increasingly important for numerous applications in both cloud computing (e.g., Apple's Siri) and edge computing (e.g., Google/Waymo's driverless car).…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-02-11 Weiwen Jiang , Edwin H. -M. Sha , Xinyi Zhang , Lei Yang , Qingfeng Zhuge , Yiyu Shi , Jingtong Hu

Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) are becoming increasingly important for time series-related applications which require efficient and real-time implementations. The two major types are Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and Gated Recurrent Unit…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-12-19 Zhe Li , Caiwen Ding , Siyue Wang , Wujie Wen , Youwei Zhuo , Chang Liu , Qinru Qiu , Wenyao Xu , Xue Lin , Xuehai Qian , Yanzhi Wang

Profiling is important for performance optimization by providing real-time observations and measurements of important parameters of hardware execution. Existing profiling tools for High-Level Synthesis (HLS) IPs running on FPGAs are far…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Rui Shi , Seda Ogrenci

Deep learning, and in particular Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN) have shown superior accuracy in a large variety of tasks including machine translation, language understanding, and movie frame generation. However, these deep learning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-02-09 Md Zahangir Alom , Adam T Moody , Naoya Maruyama , Brian C Van Essen , Tarek M. Taha

This study presents advanced neural network architectures including Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN), Long Short-Term Memory Networks (LSTMs), and Deep Belief Networks (DBNs) for enhanced ECG signal…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-07-18 Kayode Inadagbo , Baran Arig , Nisanur Alici , Murat Isik

As the demand for compute power in traditional neural networks has increased significantly, spiking neural networks (SNNs) have emerged as a potential solution to increasingly power-hungry neural networks. By operating on 0/1 spikes emitted…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Andrew Fan , Simon D. Levy

The predictive power of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) has been an integral factor for emerging latency-sensitive applications, such as autonomous drones and vehicles. Such systems employ multiple CNNs, each one trained for a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-06-09 Stylianos I. Venieris , Christos-Savvas Bouganis

Graph neural network (GNN) inference faces significant bottlenecks in preprocessing, which often dominate overall inference latency. We introduce AutoGNN, an FPGA-based accelerator designed to address these challenges by leveraging FPGA's…

The challenges involved in executing neural networks (NNs) at the edge include providing diversity, flexibility, and sustainability. That implies, for instance, supporting evolving applications and algorithms energy-efficiently. Using…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-06-14 Federico Manca , Francesco Ratto , Francesca Palumbo

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) are fundamental to deep learning, driving applications across various domains. However, their growing complexity has significantly increased computational demands, necessitating efficient hardware…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Junye Jiang , Yaan Zhou , Yuanhao Gong , Haoxuan Yuan , Shuanglong Liu

Implementing Machine Learning (ML) models on Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) is becoming increasingly popular across various domains as a low-latency and low-power solution that helps manage large data rates generated by continuously…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Mohammad Mehdi Rahimifar , Hamza Ezzaoui Rahali , Audrey C. Therrien

Multimodal stacks that mix ViTs, CNNs, GNNs, and transformer NLP strain embedded platforms because their compute/memory patterns diverge and hard real-time targets leave little slack. TRINE is a single-bitstream FPGA accelerator and…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Hyunwoo Oh , Hanning Chen , Sanggeon Yun , Yang Ni , Suyeon Jang , Behnam Khaleghi , Fei Wen , Mohsen Imani

Linear RNNs with gating recently demonstrated competitive performance compared to Transformers in language modeling. Although their linear compute scaling in sequence length offers theoretical runtime advantages over Transformers, realizing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Maximilian Beck , Korbinian Pöppel , Phillip Lippe , Sepp Hochreiter

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) have become popular for their more bio-realistic behavior than Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs). However, effectively leveraging the intrinsic, unstructured sparsity of SNNs in hardware is challenging,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-02-12 Ilkin Aliyev , Tosiron Adegbija

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) recently gained momentum due to their low-power multiplication-free computing and the closer resemblance of biological processes in the nervous system of humans. However, SNNs require very long spike trains…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-06-07 Daniel Gerlinghoff , Zhehui Wang , Xiaozhe Gu , Rick Siow Mong Goh , Tao Luo

Spiking Neural Networks (SNN) are an emerging type of biologically plausible and efficient Artificial Neural Network (ANN). This work presents the development of a hardware accelerator for a SNN for high-performance inference, targeting a…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-12-20 Alessio Carpegna , Alessandro Savino , Stefano Di Carlo

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have shown great success in many applications such as recommendation systems, molecular property prediction, traffic prediction, etc. Recently, CPU-FPGA heterogeneous platforms have been used to accelerate many…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-12-23 Yi-Chien Lin , Bingyi Zhang , Viktor Prasanna

Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) have shown outstanding performance on processing sequence data. However, they suffer from long training time, which demands parallel implementations of the training procedure. Parallelization of the training…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2015-11-25 Kyuyeon Hwang , Wonyong Sung