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Federated learning(FL) is an emerging distributed learning paradigm with default client privacy because clients can keep sensitive data on their devices and only share local training parameter updates with the federated server. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-05 Wenqi Wei , Ling Liu , Yanzhao Wu , Gong Su , Arun Iyengar

Federated learning (FL) allows multiple entities to train a shared model collaboratively. Its core, privacy-preserving principle is that participants only exchange model updates, such as gradients, and never their raw, sensitive data. This…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Md Fazle Rasul , Alanood Alqobaisi , Bruhadeshwar Bezawada , Indrakshi Ray

Federated Learning (FL) has emerged as a machine learning approach able to preserve the privacy of user's data. Applying FL, clients train machine learning models on a local dataset and a central server aggregates the learned parameters…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-27 Luiz Leite , Yuri Santo , Bruno L. Dalmazo , André Riker

Federated learning (FL) enables decentralized machine learning without sharing raw data, allowing multiple clients to collaboratively learn a global model. However, studies reveal that privacy leakage is possible under commonly adopted FL…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Kai Yue , Richeng Jin , Chau-Wai Wong , Huaiyu Dai

Federated learning is an established method for training machine learning models without sharing training data. However, recent work has shown that it cannot guarantee data privacy as shared gradients can still leak sensitive information.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-18 Mislav Balunović , Dimitar I. Dimitrov , Robin Staab , Martin Vechev

Federated Learning (FL) enables collaborative training of models across distributed clients without sharing local data, addressing privacy concerns in decentralized systems. However, the gradient-sharing process exposes private data to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Mingcong Xu , Xiaojin Zhang , Wei Chen , Hai Jin

Federated Learning (FL) allows for the training of Machine Learning models in a collaborative manner without the need to share sensitive data. However, it remains vulnerable to Gradient Leakage Attacks (GLAs), which can reveal private…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Miguel Fernandez-de-Retana , Unai Zulaika , Rubén Sánchez-Corcuera , Aitor Almeida

The growing concern over data privacy, the benefits of utilizing data from diverse sources for model training, and the proliferation of networked devices with enhanced computational capabilities have all contributed to the rise of federated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Rui Zhang , Ka-Ho Chow , Ping Li

Federated learning (FL) is a popular distributed learning framework that can reduce privacy risks by not explicitly sharing private data. However, recent works demonstrated that sharing model updates makes FL vulnerable to inference…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-14 Jingwei Sun , Ang Li , Binghui Wang , Huanrui Yang , Hai Li , Yiran Chen

Federated learning (FL) is a privacy-preserving machine learning framework that enables multiple nodes to train models on their local data and periodically average weight updates to benefit from other nodes' training. Each node's goal is to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Ethan Wilson , Kai Yue , Chau-Wai Wong , Huaiyu Dai

Federated learning (FL) has attracted widespread attention because it supports the joint training of models by multiple participants without moving private dataset. However, there are still many security issues in FL that deserve…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-08 Huang Zeng , Anjia Yang , Jian Weng , Min-Rong Chen , Fengjun Xiao , Yi Liu , Ye Yao

Federated Learning (FL) enables collaborative model training while preserving data privacy by keeping raw data locally stored on client devices, preventing access from other clients or the central server. However, recent studies reveal that…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Ren-Yi Huang , Dumindu Samaraweera , Prashant Shekhar , J. Morris Chang

Federated Learning (FL) is a distributed learning framework, in which the local data never leaves clients devices to preserve privacy, and the server trains models on the data via accessing only the gradients of those local data. Without…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-29 Jinwoo Jeon , Jaechang Kim , Kangwook Lee , Sewoong Oh , Jungseul Ok

Federated learning systems are vulnerable to attacks from malicious clients. As the central server in the system cannot govern the behaviors of the clients, a rogue client may initiate an attack by sending malicious model updates to the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-04 Suyi Li , Yong Cheng , Wei Wang , Yang Liu , Tianjian Chen

Federated Learning (FL) has emerged as a leading paradigm for decentralized, privacy preserving machine learning training. However, recent research on gradient inversion attacks (GIAs) have shown that gradient updates in FL can leak…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-20 Yichuan Shi , Olivera Kotevska , Viktor Reshniak , Abhishek Singh , Ramesh Raskar

Federated learning (FL) enables collaborative model training across distributed nodes without exposing raw data, but its decentralized nature makes it vulnerable in trust-deficient environments. Inference attacks may recover sensitive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Guanjie Cheng , Mengzhen Yang , Xinkui Zhao , Shuyi Yu , Tianyu Du , Yangyang Wu , Mengying Zhu , Shuiguang Deng

The Deep Leakage from Gradient (DLG) attack has emerged as a prevalent and highly effective method for extracting sensitive training data by inspecting exchanged gradients. This approach poses a substantial threat to the privacy of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-27 Chenyang Li , Zhao Song , Weixin Wang , Chiwun Yang

Federated Learning (FL) enables collaborative model training without centralizing client data, making it attractive for privacy-sensitive domains. While existing approaches employ cryptographic techniques such as homomorphic encryption,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Sahar Ghoflsaz Ghinani , Elaheh Sadredini

Federated Learning (FL) systems are gaining popularity as a solution to training Machine Learning (ML) models from large-scale user data collected on personal devices (e.g., smartphones) without their raw data leaving the device. At the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-09-15 Tribhuvanesh Orekondy , Seong Joon Oh , Yang Zhang , Bernt Schiele , Mario Fritz

We show that aggregated model updates in federated learning may be insecure. An untrusted central server may disaggregate user updates from sums of updates across participants given repeated observations, enabling the server to recover…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-06-14 Maximilian Lam , Gu-Yeon Wei , David Brooks , Vijay Janapa Reddi , Michael Mitzenmacher