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We study the problem of CNOT-optimal quantum circuit synthesis over gate sets consisting of CNOT and Z-basis rotations of arbitrary angles. We show that the circuit-polynomial correspondence relates such circuits to Fourier expansions of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-03-29 Matthew Amy , Parsiad Azimzadeh , Michele Mosca

This paper presents novel methods for optimizing multi-controlled quantum gates, which naturally arise in high-level quantum programming. Our primary approach involves rewriting $U(2)$ gates as $SU(2)$ gates, utilizing one auxiliary qubit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-12 Evandro C. R. Rosa , Eduardo I. Duzzioni , Rafael de Santiago

Most work in quantum circuit optimization has been performed in isolation from the results of quantum fault-tolerance. Here we present a polynomial-time algorithm for optimizing quantum circuits that takes the actual implementation of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-11-18 Matthew Amy , Dmitri Maslov , Michele Mosca

We present a framework for the synthesis of phase polynomials that addresses both cases of full connectivity and partial connectivity for NISQ architectures. In most cases, our algorithms generate circuits with lower CNOT count and CNOT…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-02-15 Vivien Vandaele , Simon Martiel , Timothée Goubault de Brugière

A major obstacle to implementing Shor's quantum number-factoring algorithm is the large size of modular-exponentiation circuits. We reduce this bottleneck by customizing reversible circuits for modular multiplication to individual runs of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-01-16 Igor L. Markov , Mehdi Saeedi

Shor's algorithm for integer factorization offers an exponential speedup over classical methods but remains impractical on Noisy Intermediate Scale Quantum (NISQ) hardware due to the need for many coherent qubits and very deep circuits.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-09 Alok Shukla , Prakash Vedula

Blocks composed of {CNOT, Rz} are ubiquitous in modern quantum applications, notably in circuits such as QAOA ansatzes and quantum adders. After compilation, many of them exhibit large CNOT counts or depths, which lowers fidelity.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-25 Xinpeng Li , Ji Liu , Shuai Xu , Paul Hovland , Vipin Chaudhary

We present improved quantum circuit for modular exponentiation of a constant, which is the most expensive operation in Shor's algorithm for integer factorization. While previous work mostly focuses on minimizing the number of qubits or the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-28 Xia Liu , Huan Yang , Li Yang

Variational quantum algorithms are believed to be promising for solving computationally hard problems and are often comprised of repeated layers of quantum gates. An example thereof is the quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA),…

Vigorous optimization of quantum gates has led to bipotent quantum architectures, where the optimized gates are available for some qubits but not for others. However, such gate-level improvements limit the application of user-side…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-08-21 Yanjun Ji , Kathrin F. Koenig , Ilia Polian

There is no unique way to encode a quantum algorithm into a quantum circuit. With limited qubit counts, connectivities, and coherence times, circuit optimization is essential to make the best use of near-term quantum devices. We introduce…

A key challenge in realizing fault-tolerant quantum computers is circuit optimization. Focusing on the most expensive gates in fault-tolerant quantum computation (namely, the T gates), we address the problem of T-count optimization, i.e.,…

We propose a new algorithm to synthesise quantum circuits for phase polynomials, which takes into account the qubit connectivity of the quantum computer. We focus on the architectures of currently available NISQ devices. Our algorithm…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-16 Arianne Meijer-van de Griend , Ross Duncan

We study in detail the algebraic structures underlying quantum circuits generated by CNOT gates. Our results allow us to propose polynomial-time heuristics to reduce the number of gates used in a given CNOT circuit and we also give…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-12-18 Marc Bataille

Considering its relevance in the field of cryptography, integer factorization is a prominent application where Quantum computers are expected to have a substantial impact. Thanks to Shor's algorithm this peculiar problem can be solved in…

We conduct a systematic study of quantum circuits composed of multiple-control $Z$-rotation (MCZR) gates as primitives, since they are widely-used components in quantum algorithms and also have attracted much experimental interest in recent…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-06-11 Shihao Zhang , Junda Wu , Lvzhou Li

Quantum circuit optimization - the process of transforming a quantum circuit into an equivalent one with reduced time and space requirements - is crucial for maximizing the utility of current and near-future quantum devices. While most…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-23 Marcin Szyniszewski , Aleks Kissinger , Noah Linden , Paul Skrzypczyk

Quantum computing has garnered attention for its potential to solve complex computational problems with considerable speedup. Despite notable advancements in the field, achieving meaningful scalability and noise control in quantum hardware…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-12 Eduardo Willwock Lussi , Rafael de Santiago , Eduardo Inacio Duzzioni

The current phase of quantum computing is in the Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) era. On NISQ devices, two-qubit gates such as CNOTs are much noisier than single-qubit gates, so it is essential to minimize their count. Quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-03-24 Xin-Chuan Wu , Marc Grau Davis , Frederic T. Chong , Costin Iancu

Quantum signal processing (QSP) is a powerful quantum algorithm to exactly implement matrix polynomials on quantum computers. Asymptotic analysis of quantum algorithms based on QSP has shown that asymptotically optimal results can in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-07-13 Yulong Dong , Xiang Meng , K. Birgitta Whaley , Lin Lin
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