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Understanding how the brain represents the multifaceted properties of words in context is essential for explaining the neural architecture of human language. Here, we combine large-scale psycholinguistic modeling with naturalistic fMRI to…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2026-01-21 Xuan Yang , Chuanji Gao , Cheng Xiao , Nicholas Riccardi , Rutvik H. Desai

Large language models (LLMs) have complicated internal dynamics, but induce representations of words and phrases whose geometry we can study. Human language processing is also opaque, but neural response measurements can provide (noisy)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-01 Jiaang Li , Antonia Karamolegkou , Yova Kementchedjhieva , Mostafa Abdou , Sune Lehmann , Anders Søgaard

Modern language models can process inputs across diverse languages and modalities. We hypothesize that models acquire this capability through learning a shared representation space across heterogeneous data types (e.g., different languages…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Zhaofeng Wu , Xinyan Velocity Yu , Dani Yogatama , Jiasen Lu , Yoon Kim

Language is not only a tool for communication but also a medium for human cognition and reasoning. If, as linguistic relativity suggests, the structure of language shapes cognitive patterns, then large language models (LLMs) trained on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Chenxi Wang , Yixuan Zhang , Lang Gao , Zixiang Xu , Zirui Song , Yanbo Wang , Xiuying Chen

Deep Language Models (DLMs) provide a novel computational paradigm for understanding the mechanisms of natural language processing in the human brain. Unlike traditional psycholinguistic models, DLMs use layered sequences of continuous…

Given the remarkable capabilities of large language models (LLMs), there has been a growing interest in evaluating their similarity to the human brain. One approach towards quantifying this similarity is by measuring how well a model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-24 Ebrahim Feghhi , Nima Hadidi , Bryan Song , Idan A. Blank , Jonathan C. Kao

Current decoder-based pre-trained language models (PLMs) successfully demonstrate multilingual capabilities. However, it is unclear how these models handle multilingualism. We analyze the neuron-level internal behavior of multilingual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-04 Takeshi Kojima , Itsuki Okimura , Yusuke Iwasawa , Hitomi Yanaka , Yutaka Matsuo

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit remarkable similarity to neural activity in the human language network. However, the key properties of language shaping brain-like representations, and their evolution during training as a function of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Badr AlKhamissi , Greta Tuckute , Yingtian Tang , Taha Binhuraib , Antoine Bosselut , Martin Schrimpf

Encoding models have been used to assess how the human brain represents concepts in language and vision. While language and vision rely on similar concept representations, current encoding models are typically trained and tested on brain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-23 Jerry Tang , Meng Du , Vy A. Vo , Vasudev Lal , Alexander G. Huth

Understanding how humans conceptualize and categorize natural objects offers critical insights into perception and cognition. With the advent of Large Language Models (LLMs), a key question arises: can these models develop human-like object…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Changde Du , Kaicheng Fu , Bincheng Wen , Yi Sun , Jie Peng , Wei Wei , Ying Gao , Shengpei Wang , Chuncheng Zhang , Jinpeng Li , Shuang Qiu , Le Chang , Huiguang He

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities across diverse languages. This study explores how LLMs handle multilingualism. Based on observed language ratio shifts among layers and the relationships between network…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Yiran Zhao , Wenxuan Zhang , Guizhen Chen , Kenji Kawaguchi , Lidong Bing

How related are the representations learned by neural language models, translation models, and language tagging tasks? We answer this question by adapting an encoder-decoder transfer learning method from computer vision to investigate the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Richard Antonello , Javier Turek , Vy Vo , Alexander Huth

Previous work has shown correlations between the hidden states of large language models and fMRI brain responses, on language tasks. These correlations have been taken as evidence of the representational similarity of these models and brain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Iñigo Parra

Recent breakthroughs in language models (LMs) using neural networks have raised the question: how similar are these models' processing to human language processing? Results using a framework called Brain Score (BS) -- predicting fMRI…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Jingnong Qu , Ashvin Ranjan , Shane Steinert-Threlkeld

A neural language model trained on a text corpus can be used to induce distributed representations of words, such that similar words end up with similar representations. If the corpus is multilingual, the same model can be used to learn…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-01-10 Johannes Bjerva , Robert Östling , Maria Han Veiga , Jörg Tiedemann , Isabelle Augenstein

Recent studies suggest that transformer-based vision-language models (VLMs) capture the multimodality of concept processing in the human brain. However, a systematic evaluation exploring different types of VLM architectures and the role…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Anna Bavaresco , Marianne de Heer Kloots , Sandro Pezzelle , Raquel Fernández

The words of a language reflect the structure of the human mind, allowing us to transmit thoughts between individuals. However, language can represent only a subset of our rich and detailed cognitive architecture. Here, we ask what kinds of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-03-07 Gabriel Grand , Idan Asher Blank , Francisco Pereira , Evelina Fedorenko

We employ new tools from mechanistic interpretability in order to ask whether the internal structure of large language models (LLMs) shows correspondence to the linguistic structures which underlie the languages on which they are trained.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Ruochen Zhang , Qinan Yu , Matianyu Zang , Carsten Eickhoff , Ellie Pavlick

Elucidating the language-brain relationship requires bridging the methodological gap between the abstract theoretical frameworks of linguistics and the empirical neural data of neuroscience. Serving as an interdisciplinary cornerstone,…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2026-02-16 Fudong Zhang , Bo Chai , Yujie Wu , Wai Ting Siok , Nizhuan Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) and Large Multi-modality Models (LMMs) have demonstrated remarkable decision masking capabilities on a variety of tasks. However, they inherently operate planning within the language space, lacking the vision…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-19 Jun Cen , Chenfei Wu , Xiao Liu , Shengming Yin , Yixuan Pei , Jinglong Yang , Qifeng Chen , Nan Duan , Jianguo Zhang