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In-context learning (ICL) is the trending prompting strategy in the era of large language models (LLMs), where a few examples are demonstrated to evoke LLMs' power for a given task. How to select informative examples remains an open issue.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-30 Chenming Tang , Zhixiang Wang , Yunfang Wu

Ever since the development of GPT-3 in the natural language processing (NLP) field, in-context learning (ICL) has played an essential role in utilizing large language models (LLMs). By presenting the LM utterance-label demonstrations at the…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-06-18 Ming-Hao Hsu , Kai-Wei Chang , Shang-Wen Li , Hung-yi Lee

In-context learning (ICL) is highly sensitive to which demonstrations appear in the prompt, but selecting them is expensive because the space of possible demonstration contexts and combinations is enormous. We argue that demonstration…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Haochun Wang , Chaofen Yang , Jiatong Liu , Jingbo Wang , Zewen Qiang , Sendong Zhao , Bing Qin , Ting Liu

Motivated by in-context learning (ICL) capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs), multimodal LLMs with additional visual modality are also exhibited with similar ICL abilities when multiple image-text pairs are provided as…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Nan Xu , Fei Wang , Sheng Zhang , Hoifung Poon , Muhao Chen

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit remarkable in-context learning (ICL) capabilities. However, the underlying working mechanism of ICL remains poorly understood. Recent research presents two conflicting views on ICL: One emphasizes the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Anhao Zhao , Fanghua Ye , Jinlan Fu , Xiaoyu Shen

Large Language Model (LLM)-based systems present new opportunities for autonomous health monitoring in sensor-rich industrial environments. This study explores the potential of LLMs to detect and classify faults directly from sensor data,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Xian Yeow Lee , Lasitha Vidyaratne , Ahmed Farahat , Chetan Gupta

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated their strong capabilities in various domains, and have been recently integrated for graph analysis as graph language models (GLMs). With LLMs as the predictor, some GLMs can interpret unseen…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-30 Junze Chen , Cheng Yang , Shujie Li , Zhiqiang Zhang , Yawen Li , Junping Du , Chuan Shi

The remarkable capability of large language models (LLMs) for in-context learning (ICL) needs to be activated by demonstration examples. Prior work has extensively explored the selection of examples for ICL, predominantly following the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Haoyu Liu , Jianfeng Liu , Shaohan Huang , Yuefeng Zhan , Hao Sun , Weiwei Deng , Furu Wei , Qi Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown strong performance on NLP classification tasks. However, they typically rely on aggregated labels-often via majority voting-which can obscure the human disagreement inherent in subjective annotations.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Benedetta Muscato , Yue Li , Gizem Gezici , Zhixue Zhao , Fosca Giannotti

Recent breakthroughs in large language models (LLMs) have opened the door to in-depth investigation of their potential in tabular data modeling. However, effectively utilizing advanced LLMs in few-shot and even zero-shot scenarios is still…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Peng Wang , Dongsheng Wang , He Zhao , Hangting Ye , Dandan Guo , Yi Chang

In-context Learning (ICL) is an emerging few-shot learning paradigm on Language Models (LMs) with inner mechanisms un-explored. There are already existing works describing the inner processing of ICL, while they struggle to capture all the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Hakaze Cho , Mariko Kato , Yoshihiro Sakai , Naoya Inoue

It is desirable to coarsely classify short scientific texts, such as grant or publication abstracts, for strategic insight or research portfolio management. These texts efficiently transmit dense information to experts possessing a rich…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Harsh Sakhrani , Naseela Pervez , Anirudh Ravi Kumar , Fred Morstatter , Alexandra Graddy Reed , Andrea Belz

Our study demonstrates the effective use of Large Language Models (LLMs) for automating the classification of complex datasets. We specifically target proposals of Decentralized Autonomous Organizations (DAOs), as the clas-sification of…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-07-04 Christian Ziegler , Marcos Miranda , Guangye Cao , Gustav Arentoft , Doo Wan Nam

Recent interest has surged in employing Large Language Models (LLMs) for machine translation (MT) via in-context learning (ICL) (Vilar et al., 2023). Most prior studies primarily focus on optimizing translation quality, with limited…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Pranjal A. Chitale , Jay Gala , Raj Dabre

In-context learning (ICL) enables large language models (LLMs) to perform new tasks using only a few demonstrations. However, in Named Entity Recognition (NER), existing ICL methods typically rely on task-agnostic semantic similarity for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Fan Bai , Hamid Hassanzadeh , Ardavan Saeedi , Mark Dredze

In the domain of data science, the predictive tasks of classification, regression, and imputation of missing values are commonly encountered challenges associated with tabular data. This research endeavors to apply Large Language Models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Yazheng Yang , Yuqi Wang , Yaxuan Li , Sankalok Sen , Lei Li , Lin Qiu , Qi Liu

In-context learning (ICL) has emerged as an effective solution for few-shot learning with large language models (LLMs). However, how LLMs leverage demonstrations to specify a task and learn a corresponding computational function through ICL…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Yu Bai , Heyan Huang , Cesare Spinoso-Di Piano , Marc-Antoine Rondeau , Sanxing Chen , Yang Gao , Jackie Chi Kit Cheung

Large vision-language models (LVLMs) employ multi-modal in-context learning (MM-ICL) to adapt to new tasks by leveraging demonstration examples. While increasing the number of demonstrations boosts performance, they incur significant…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Shin'ya Yamaguchi , Daiki Chijiwa , Tamao Sakao , Taku Hasegawa

In large language models (LLM)-based recommendation systems (LLM-RSs), accurately predicting user preferences by leveraging the general knowledge of LLMs is possible without requiring extensive training data. By converting recommendation…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-12-20 Genki Kusano , Kosuke Akimoto , Kunihiro Takeoka

As a fundamental and extensively studied task in computer vision, image segmentation aims to locate and identify different semantic concepts at the pixel level. Recently, inspired by In-Context Learning (ICL), several generalist…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Wei Suo , Lanqing Lai , Mengyang Sun , Hanwang Zhang , Peng Wang , Yanning Zhang