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Related papers: An Agentic System for Rare Disease Diagnosis with …

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Plant disease diagnosis is critical for food security, yet training disease-recognition models that generalize across crops, pathogens, and field conditions remains challenging because labeled disease images are far less abundant and…

Rare diseases often manifest with distinctive facial phenotypes in children, offering valuable diagnostic cues for clinicians and AI-assisted screening systems. However, progress in this field is severely limited by the scarcity of curated,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Ganlin Feng , Yuxi Long , Hafsa Ali , Erin Lou , Fahad Butt , Qian Liu , Yang Wang , Pingzhao Hu

Identifying the appropriate regulatory standard applicability remains a critical yet understudied challenge in medical device compliance, frequently necessitating expert interpretation of fragmented and heterogeneous documentation across…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Yu Han , Aaron Ceross , Jeroen H. M. Bergmann

In healthcare, multi-organ system diseases pose unique and significant challenges as they impact multiple physiological systems concurrently, demanding complex and coordinated treatment strategies. Despite recent advancements in the AI…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Daniel J. Tan , Qianyi Xu , Kay Choong See , Dilruk Perera , Mengling Feng

Agentic systems offer a potential path to solve complex clinical tasks through collaboration among specialized agents, augmented by tool use and external knowledge bases. Nevertheless, for chest X-ray (CXR) interpretation, prevailing…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Kai Zhang , Corey D Barrett , Jangwon Kim , Lichao Sun , Tara Taghavi , Krishnaram Kenthapadi

Unstructured notes within the electronic health record (EHR) contain rich clinical information vital for cancer treatment decision making and research, yet reliably extracting structured oncology data remains challenging due to extensive…

Time series anomaly detection (TSAD) has traditionally focused on binary classification and often lacks the fine-grained categorization and explanatory reasoning required for transparent decision-making. To address these limitations, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Yiyuan Yang , Zichuan Liu , Lei Song , Kai Ying , Zhiguang Wang , Tom Bamford , Svitlana Vyetrenko , Jiang Bian , Qingsong Wen

Healthcare systems around the world are grappling with issues like inefficient diagnostics, rising costs, and limited access to specialists. These problems often lead to delays in treatment and poor health outcomes. Most current AI and deep…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-22 Maliha Tabassum , M Shamim Kaiser

Advancing complex reasoning in large language models relies on high-quality, verifiable datasets, yet human annotation remains cost-prohibitive and difficult to scale. Current synthesis paradigms often face a recurring trade-off:…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Zhengbo Jiao , Shaobo Wang , Zifan Zhang , Xuan Ren , Wei Wang , Bing Zhao , Hu Wei , Linfeng Zhang

Unlike most primary headaches, secondary headaches need specialized care and can have devastating consequences if not treated promptly. Clinical guidelines highlight several 'red flag' features, such as thunderclap onset, meningismus,…

DeepResearch agents represent a transformative AI paradigm, conducting expert-level research through sophisticated reasoning and multi-tool integration. However, evaluating these systems remains critically challenging due to open-ended…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Tianyu Fan , Xinyao Niu , Yuxiang Zheng , Fengji Zhang , Chengen Huang , Bei Chen , Junyang Lin , Chao Huang

Despite rare diseases affecting 1 in 10 Americans, their differential diagnosis remains challenging. Due to their impressive recall abilities, large language models (LLMs) have been recently explored for differential diagnosis. Existing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Zilal Eiz AlDin , John Wu , Jeffrey Paul Fung , Jennifer King , Mya Watts , Lauren ONeill , Adam Richard Cross , Jimeng Sun

Large language models (LLMs) struggle in real-world clinical consultations. Single-turn consultation systems require patients to describe all symptoms at once, which often leads to unclear complaints and vague diagnoses. Traditional…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Yichun Feng , Jiawei Wang , Lu Zhou , Yikai Zheng , Zhen Lei , Yixue Li

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become essential in modern healthcare, with large language models (LLMs) offering promising advances in clinical decision-making. Traditional model-based approaches, including those leveraging in-context…

The escalating complexity of modern software imposes an unsustainable operational burden on Site Reliability Engineering (SRE) teams, demanding AI-driven automation that can emulate expert diagnostic reasoning. Existing solutions, from…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Peng Di , Faqiang Chen , Xiao Bai , Hongjun Yang , Qingfeng Li , Ganglin Wei , Jian Mou , Feng Shi , Keting Chen , Peng Tang , Zhitao Shen , Zheng Li , Wenhui Shi , Junwei Guo , Hang Yu

Data-driven scientific discovery requires the iterative integration of scientific domain knowledge, statistical expertise, and an understanding of data semantics to make nuanced analytical decisions, e.g., about which variables,…

Background: Several studies show that large language models (LLMs) struggle with phenotype-driven gene prioritization for rare diseases. These studies typically use Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) terms to prompt foundation models like GPT…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Zhanliang Wang , Da Wu , Quan Nguyen , Kai Wang

This research paper outlines the development and implementation of a novel Clinical Decision Support System (CDSS) that integrates AI predictive modeling with medical knowledge bases. It utilizes the quantifiable information elements in lab…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Muhammad Hammad Maqsood , Mubashir Sajid , Khubaib Ahmed , Muhammad Usamah Shahid , Muddassar Farooq

The rising prevalence of vision-threatening retinal diseases poses a significant burden on the global healthcare systems. Deep learning (DL) offers a promising solution for automatic disease screening but demands substantial data.…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-11-18 Ruoyu Chen , Weiyi Zhang , Bowen Liu , Xiaolan Chen , Pusheng Xu , Shunming Liu , Mingguang He , Danli Shi

Reasoning-based large language models have excelled in mathematics and programming, yet their potential in knowledge-intensive medical question answering remains underexplored and insufficiently validated in clinical contexts. To bridge…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Yu Sun , Xingyu Qian , Weiwen Xu , Hao Zhang , Chenghao Xiao , Long Li , Deli Zhao , Wenbing Huang , Tingyang Xu , Qifeng Bai , Yu Rong