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Sampling from unnormalized densities is analogous to the generative modeling problem, but the target distribution is defined by a known energy function instead of data samples. Because evaluating the energy function is often costly, a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Aaron Havens , Brian Karrer , Neta Shaul

Diffusion models have achieved remarkable success in generating high-resolution, realistic images across diverse natural distributions. However, their performance heavily relies on high-quality training data, making it challenging to learn…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Tianyu Chen , Yasi Zhang , Zhendong Wang , Ying Nian Wu , Oscar Leong , Mingyuan Zhou

We introduce the use of the Zig-Zag sampler to the problem of sampling conditional diffusion processes (diffusion bridges). The Zig-Zag sampler is a rejection-free sampling scheme based on a non-reversible continuous piecewise deterministic…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-09-04 Joris Bierkens , Sebastiano Grazzi , Frank van der Meulen , Moritz Schauer

Score-based diffusion models have emerged as effective approaches for both conditional and unconditional generation. Still conditional generation is based on either a specific training of a conditional model or classifier guidance, which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-25 Davide Scassola , Sebastiano Saccani , Ginevra Carbone , Luca Bortolussi

The denoising process of diffusion models can be interpreted as an approximate projection of noisy samples onto the data manifold. Moreover, the noise level in these samples approximates their distance to the underlying manifold. Building…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Abulikemu Abuduweili , Chenyang Yuan , Changliu Liu , Frank Permenter

The efficient Test-Time Scaling (TTS) paradigm offers a promising perspective for enhancing the generation performance of diffusion models. However, current solutions are limited to a static, pre-defined noise pool and suffer from…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Gang Dai , Yining Huang , Yiming Xia , Guohao Chen , Shuaicheng Niu

Test-time scaling investigates whether a fixed diffusion language model (DLM) can generate better outputs when given more inference compute, without additional training. However, naive best-of-$K$ sampling is fundamentally limited because…

Diffusion models have recently brought a powerful revolution in image generation. Despite showing impressive generative capabilities, most of these models rely on the current sample to denoise the next one, possibly resulting in denoising…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-27 Yurui Qian , Qi Cai , Yingwei Pan , Yehao Li , Ting Yao , Qibin Sun , Tao Mei

Denoising diffusion models (DDMs) have attracted attention for their exceptional generation quality and diversity. This success is largely attributed to the use of class- or text-conditional diffusion guidance methods, such as classifier…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-25 Susung Hong , Gyuseong Lee , Wooseok Jang , Seungryong Kim

Denoising diffusion models (DDMs) offer a flexible framework for sampling from high dimensional data distributions. DDMs generate a path of probability distributions interpolating between a reference Gaussian distribution and a data…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-12-12 Christopher Williams , Andrew Campbell , Arnaud Doucet , Saifuddin Syed

Adapting a pretrained diffusion model to new objectives at inference time remains an open problem in generative modeling. Existing steering methods suffer from inaccurate value estimation, especially at high noise levels, which biases…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Vineet Jain , Kusha Sareen , Mohammad Pedramfar , Siamak Ravanbakhsh

Sampling from unnormalized multimodal distributions with limited density evaluations remains a fundamental challenge in machine learning and natural sciences. Successful approaches construct a bridge between a tractable reference and the…

Denoising diffusion models have recently emerged as the predominant paradigm for generative modelling on image domains. In addition, their extension to Riemannian manifolds has facilitated a range of applications across the natural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-10 Nic Fishman , Leo Klarner , Emile Mathieu , Michael Hutchinson , Valentin de Bortoli

Denoising diffusion models have become ubiquitous for generative modeling. The core idea is to transport the data distribution to a Gaussian by using a diffusion. Approximate samples from the data distribution are then obtained by…

As Diffusion Models have shown promising performance, a lot of efforts have been made to improve the controllability of Diffusion Models. However, how to train Diffusion Models to have the disentangled latent spaces and how to naturally…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-02 Wonwoong Cho , Hareesh Ravi , Midhun Harikumar , Vinh Khuc , Krishna Kumar Singh , Jingwan Lu , David I. Inouye , Ajinkya Kale

Denoising diffusion models excel at generating high-quality images conditioned on text prompts, yet their effectiveness heavily relies on careful guidance during the sampling process. Classifier-Free Guidance (CFG) provides a widely used…

Graphics · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Shai Yehezkel , Omer Dahary , Andrey Voynov , Daniel Cohen-Or

To ensure the reliability of DNN systems and address the test generation problem for neural networks, this paper proposes a fuzzing test generation technique based on many-objective optimization algorithms. Traditional fuzz testing employs…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Dongcheng Li , W. Eric Wong , Hu Liu , Man Zhao

Diffusion models generate samples through an iterative denoising process, guided by a neural network. While training the denoiser on real-world data is computationally demanding, the sampling procedure itself is more flexible. This…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Constant Bourdrez , Alexandre Vérine , Olivier Cappé

The performance of text-to-image diffusion models may be improved at test-time by scaling computation to search for a generated image that maximizes a given reward function. While existing trajectory level exploration methods improve the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Qingtao Yu , Changlin Song , Minghao Sun , Zhengyang Yu , Vinay Kumar Verma , Soumya Roy , Sumit Negi , Hongdong Li , Dylan Campbell

Diffusion models have demonstrated significant promise in various generative tasks; however, they often struggle to satisfy challenging constraints. Our approach addresses this limitation by rethinking training-free loss-guided diffusion…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-19 William Huang , Yifeng Jiang , Tom Van Wouwe , C. Karen Liu