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Using Large Language Models (LLMs) in real-world applications presents significant challenges, particularly in balancing computational efficiency with model performance. Optimizing acceleration after fine-tuning and during inference is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Sajjad Kachuee , Mohammad Sharifkhani

Large Language Models (LLMs) are one of the most promising developments in the field of artificial intelligence, and the software engineering community has readily noticed their potential role in the software development life-cycle.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Greta Dolcetti , Vincenzo Arceri , Eleonora Iotti , Sergio Maffeis , Agostino Cortesi , Enea Zaffanella

Modern machine learning models can be accurate on average yet still make mistakes that dominate deployment cost. We introduce Locus, a distribution-free wrapper that produces a per-input loss-scale reliability score for a fixed prediction…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-03 Matheus Barreto , Mário de Castro , Thiago R. Ramos , Denis Valle , Rafael Izbicki

We assess how the code reasoning abilities of large language models (LLMs) generalize to different kinds of programs. We present techniques for obtaining in- and out-of-distribution programs with different characteristics: code sampled from…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-09 Rem Yang , Julian Dai , Nikos Vasilakis , Martin Rinard

Reading comprehension tests are used in a variety of applications, reaching from education to assessing the comprehensibility of simplified texts. However, creating such tests manually and ensuring their quality is difficult and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-22 Andreas Säuberli , Simon Clematide

This paper tackles the challenge of building robust and generalizable bias mitigation models for language. Recognizing the limitations of existing datasets, we introduce ANUBIS, a novel dataset with 1507 carefully curated sentence pairs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-26 Amartya Roy , Danush Khanna , Devanshu Mahapatra , Vasanthakumar , Avirup Das , Kripabandhu Ghosh

Despite their widespread applications, Large Language Models (LLMs) often struggle to express uncertainty, posing a challenge for reliable deployment in high stakes and safety critical domains like clinical diagnostics. Existing standard…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Mridul Sharma , Adeetya Patel , Zaneta D' Souza , Samira Abbasgholizadeh Rahimi , Siva Reddy , Sreenath Madathil

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown excellent performance in language understanding, text generation, code synthesis, and many other tasks, while they still struggle in complex multi-step reasoning problems, such as mathematical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Haolong Li , Yu Ma , Yinqi Zhang , Chen Ye , Jie Chen

The black-box nature of large language models (LLMs) poses challenges in interpreting results, impacting issues such as data intellectual property protection and hallucination tracing. Training data attribution (TDA) methods are considered…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-20 Kangxi Wu , Liang Pang , Huawei Shen , Xueqi Cheng

While Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as powerful foundational models to solve a variety of tasks, they have also been shown to be prone to hallucinations, i.e., generating responses that sound confident but are actually incorrect…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Jiawei Li , Akshayaa Magesh , Venugopal V. Veeravalli

Feature attribution explains neural network outputs by identifying relevant input features. The attribution has to be faithful, meaning that the attributed features must mirror the input features that influence the output. One recent trend…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-15 Yang Zhang , Yawei Li , Hannah Brown , Mina Rezaei , Bernd Bischl , Philip Torr , Ashkan Khakzar , Kenji Kawaguchi

When large language models (LLMs) are asked to perform certain tasks, how can we be sure that their learned representations align with reality? We propose a domain-agnostic framework for systematically evaluating distribution shifts in LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Tanush Chopra , Michael Li , Jacob Haimes

Classifying scanned documents is a challenging problem that involves image, layout, and text analysis for document understanding. Nevertheless, for certain benchmark datasets, notably RVL-CDIP, the state of the art is closing in to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-19 Anna Scius-Bertrand , Michael Jungo , Lars Vögtlin , Jean-Marc Spat , Andreas Fischer

We consider the problem of auditing black-box large language models (LLMs) to ensure they behave reliably when deployed in production settings, particularly in high-stakes domains such as legal, medical, and regulatory compliance. Existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Paulius Rauba , Qiyao Wei , Mihaela van der Schaar

Molecule design is a multifaceted approach that leverages computational methods and experiments to optimize molecular properties, fast-tracking new drug discoveries, innovative material development, and more efficient chemical processes.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-23 Sakhinana Sagar Srinivas , Venkataramana Runkana

Large language models (LLMs) have become central to modern AI workflows, powering applications from open-ended text generation to complex agent-based reasoning. However, debugging these models remains a persistent challenge due to their…

Vision-language models trained on large, randomly collected data had significant impact in many areas since they appeared. But as they show great performance in various fields, such as image-text-retrieval, their inner workings are still…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-15 Felix Vogel , Nina Shvetsova , Leonid Karlinsky , Hilde Kuehne

Detecting LLM-generated text in specialized and high-stakes domains like medicine and law is crucial for combating misinformation and ensuring authenticity. However, current zero-shot detectors, while effective on general text, often fail…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Zhihui Chen , Kai He , Yucheng Huang , Yunxiao Zhu , Mengling Feng

The widespread adoption of large language models (LLMs) has made it difficult to distinguish human writing from machine-produced text in many real applications. Detectors that were effective for one generation of models tend to degrade when…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Sepyan Purnama Kristanto , Lutfi Hakim , Dianni Yusuf

While the Large Language Models (LLMs) dominate a majority of language understanding tasks, previous work shows that some of these results are supported by modelling spurious correlations of training datasets. Authors commonly assess model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-07 Lukáš Mikula , Michal Štefánik , Marek Petrovič , Petr Sojka