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Reward modeling is essential for aligning Large Language Models(LLMs) with human preferences, yet conventional reward models suffer from poor interpretability and heavy reliance on costly expert annotations. While recent rubric-based…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Dengcan Liu , Fengkai Yang , Xiaohan Wang , Shurui Yan , Jiajun Chai , Jiahao Li , Yikun Ban , Zhendong Mao , Wei Lin , Guojun Yin

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated significant performance improvements across various cognitive tasks. An emerging application is using LLMs to enhance retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) capabilities. These systems require…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Satyapriya Krishna , Kalpesh Krishna , Anhad Mohananey , Steven Schwarcz , Adam Stambler , Shyam Upadhyay , Manaal Faruqui

In Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) tasks using Large Language Models (LLMs), the quality of retrieved information is critical to the final output. This paper introduces the IRSC benchmark for evaluating the performance of embedding…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-09-27 Hai Lin , Shaoxiong Zhan , Junyou Su , Haitao Zheng , Hui Wang

Understanding the decision-making processes of large language models (LLMs) is essential for their trustworthy development and deployment. However, current interpretability methods often face challenges such as low resolution and high…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Tian Lan , Jinyuan Xu , Xue He , Jenq-Neng Hwang , Lei Li

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems enhance large language models (LLMs) by integrating external knowledge sources, enabling more accurate and contextually relevant responses tailored to user needs. However, existing RAG systems…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Zirui Guo , Lianghao Xia , Yanhua Yu , Tu Ao , Chao Huang

Subjective Answer Grading (SAG) plays a crucial role in education, standardized testing, and automated assessment systems, particularly for evaluating short-form responses in Short Answer Scoring (SAS). However, existing approaches often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Peichao Lai , Kexuan Zhang , Yi Lin , Linyihan Zhang , Feiyang Ye , Jinhao Yan , Yanwei Xu , Conghui He , Yilei Wang , Wentao Zhang , Bin Cui

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) is a critical technique for grounding Large Language Models (LLMs) in factual evidence, yet evaluating RAG systems in specialized, safety-critical domains remains a significant challenge. Existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Joshua Gao , Quoc Huy Pham , Subin Varghese , Silwal Saurav , Vedhus Hoskere

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) grounds large language models (LLMs) in external evidence, but fails when retrieved sources conflict or contain outdated or subjective information. Prior work address these issues independently but lack…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Shubham Mishra , Samyek Jain , Gorang Mehrishi , Shiv Tiwari , Harsh Sharma , Pratik Narang , Dhruv Kumar

Dealing with unjudged documents ("holes") in relevance assessments is a perennial problem when evaluating search systems with offline experiments. Holes can reduce the apparent effectiveness of retrieval systems during evaluation and…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-07-12 Sean MacAvaney , Luca Soldaini

Identifying the appropriate regulatory standard applicability remains a critical yet understudied challenge in medical device compliance, frequently necessitating expert interpretation of fragmented and heterogeneous documentation across…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Yu Han , Aaron Ceross , Jeroen H. M. Bergmann

We introduce ESGenius, a comprehensive benchmark for evaluating and enhancing the proficiency of Large Language Models (LLMs) in Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) and sustainability-focused question answering. ESGenius comprises…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Chaoyue He , Xin Zhou , Yi Wu , Xinjia Yu , Yan Zhang , Lei Zhang , Di Wang , Shengfei Lyu , Hong Xu , Xiaoqiao Wang , Wei Liu , Chunyan Miao

Cross-lingual cross-modal retrieval (CCR) aims to retrieve visually relevant content based on non-English queries, without relying on human-labeled cross-modal data pairs during training. One popular approach involves utilizing machine…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Yabing Wang , Le Wang , Qiang Zhou , Zhibin Wang , Hao Li , Gang Hua , Wei Tang

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) offers a cost-effective solution for fine-tuning large language models (LLMs), but it often produces overconfident predictions in data-scarce few-shot settings. To address this issue, several classical statistical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Amir Hossein Rahmati , Sanket Jantre , Weifeng Zhang , Yucheng Wang , Byung-Jun Yoon , Nathan M. Urban , Xiaoning Qian

As Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly integrated into healthcare to address complex inquiries, ensuring their reliability remains a critical challenge. Recent studies have highlighted that generic LLMs often struggle in clinical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Bian Sun , Zhenjian Wang , Orvill de la Torre , Zirui Wang

Text simplification is essential for making public health information accessible to diverse populations, including those with limited health literacy. However, commonly used evaluation metrics in Natural Language Processing (NLP), such as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Bahar İlgen , Georges Hattab

Recent advancements in Large Vision Language Models (LVLMs) have significantly improved performance in Visual Question Answering (VQA) tasks through multimodal Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG). However, existing methods still face…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Qi Yang , Chenghao Zhang , Lubin Fan , Kun Ding , Jieping Ye , Shiming Xiang

Long text classification is challenging for Large Language Models (LLMs) due to token limits and high computational costs. This study explores whether a Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) approach using only the most relevant text…

Using Large Language Models (LLMs) for relevance assessments offers promising opportunities to improve Information Retrieval (IR), Natural Language Processing (NLP), and related fields. Indeed, LLMs hold the promise of allowing IR…

Employing Large Language Models (LLM) in various downstream applications such as classification is crucial, especially for smaller companies lacking the expertise and resources required for fine-tuning a model. Fairness in LLMs helps ensure…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-29 Garima Chhikara , Anurag Sharma , Kripabandhu Ghosh , Abhijnan Chakraborty

Coreference Resolution (CR) is a crucial yet challenging task in natural language understanding, often constrained by task-specific architectures and encoder-based language models that demand extensive training and lack adaptability. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Tuğba Pamay Arslan , Emircan Erol , Gülşen Eryiğit
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