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Long-context large language models remain computationally expensive to run and often fail to reliably process very long inputs, which makes context compression an important component of many systems. Existing compression approaches…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Yitian Zhou , Chaoning Zhang , Jiaquan Zhang , Zhenzhen Huang , Jinyu Guo , Sung-Ho Bae , Lik-Hang Lee , Caiyan Qin , Yang Yang

The notion of string attractor has been introduced in [Kempa and Prezza, 2018] in the context of Data Compression and it represents a set of positions of a finite word in which all of its factors can be "attracted". The smallest size…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2022-06-02 Antonio Restivo , Giuseppe Romana , Marinella Sciortino

Existing work on prompt compression for Large Language Models (LLM) focuses on lossy methods that try to maximize the retention of semantic information that is relevant to downstream tasks while significantly reducing the sequence length.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-22 John Harvill , Ziwei Fan , Hao Wang , Luke Huan , Anoop Deoras , Yizhou Sun , Hao Ding

Language Reasoning Models (LRMs) achieve strong performance by scaling test-time computation but often suffer from ``overthinking'', producing excessively long reasoning traces that increase latency and memory usage. Existing LRMs typically…

Transformer-based Large Language Models (LLMs) often impose limitations on the length of the text input to ensure the generation of fluent and relevant responses. This constraint restricts their applicability in scenarios involving long…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-18 Weizhi Fei , Xueyan Niu , Pingyi Zhou , Lu Hou , Bo Bai , Lei Deng , Wei Han

In a \emph{weighted sequence}, for every position of the sequence and every letter of the alphabet a probability of occurrence of this letter at this position is specified. Weighted sequences are commonly used to represent imprecise or…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2017-08-28 Carl Barton , Tomasz Kociumaka , Chang Liu , Solon P. Pissis , Jakub Radoszewski

The widespread use of Large Language Models (LLMs) in software engineering has intensified the need for improved model and resource efficiency. In particular, for neural code generation, LLMs are used to translate function/method signature…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Guang Yang , Yu Zhou , Wei Cheng , Xiangyu Zhang , Xiang Chen , Terry Yue Zhuo , Ke Liu , Xin Zhou , David Lo , Taolue Chen

We consider lossless compression based on statistical data modeling followed by prediction-based encoding, where an accurate statistical model for the input data leads to substantial improvements in compression. We propose DZip, a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-21 Mohit Goyal , Kedar Tatwawadi , Shubham Chandak , Idoia Ochoa

We generalize Karp-Rabin string matching to handle multiple patterns in $\mathcal{O}(n \log n + m)$ time and $\mathcal{O}(s)$ space, where $n$ is the length of the text and $m$ is the total length of the $s$ patterns, returning correct…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-09-11 Johannes Fischer , Travis Gagie , Paweł Gawrychowski , Tomasz Kociumaka

Adapting pretrained language models to low-resource, morphologically rich languages remains a significant challenge. Existing vocabulary expansion methods typically rely on arbitrarily segmented subword units, resulting in fragmented…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Hailay Teklehaymanot , Dren Fazlija , Wolfgang Nejdl

Language Models (LLMs) are often quantized to lower precision to reduce the memory cost and latency in inference. However, quantization often degrades model performance, thus fine-tuning is required for various down-stream tasks.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Jiajun Zhou , Yifan Yang , Kai Zhen , Ziyue Liu , Yequan Zhao , Ershad Banijamali , Athanasios Mouchtaris , Ngai Wong , Zheng Zhang

Consider the case where consecutive blocks of N letters of a semi-infinite individual sequence X over a finite-alphabet are being compressed into binary sequences by some one-to-one mapping. No a-priori information about X is available at…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2013-01-25 Jacob Ziv

Time series data compression is emerging as an important problem with the growth in IoT devices and sensors. Due to the presence of noise in these datasets, lossy compression can often provide significant compression gains without impacting…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-01-14 Shubham Chandak , Kedar Tatwawadi , Chengtao Wen , Lingyun Wang , Juan Aparicio , Tsachy Weissman

We present the first worst-case linear-time algorithm to compute the Lempel-Ziv 78 factorization of a given string over an integer alphabet. Our algorithm is based on nearest marked ancestor queries on the suffix tree of the given string.…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-02-02 Yuto Nakashima , Tomohiro I , Shunsuke Inenaga , Hideo Bannai , Masayuki Takeda

Despite the remarkable success of Large Language Models (LLMs), the massive size poses significant deployment challenges, particularly on resource-constrained hardware. While existing LLM compression methods focus on quantization, pruning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-12 Song Guo , Jiahang Xu , Li Lyna Zhang , Mao Yang

Transformer models have achieved remarkable results in various natural language tasks, but they are often prohibitively large, requiring massive memories and computational resources. To reduce the size and complexity of these models, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-27 Yixiao Li , Yifan Yu , Qingru Zhang , Chen Liang , Pengcheng He , Weizhu Chen , Tuo Zhao

In this work, we propose a new randomized algorithm for computing a low-rank approximation to a given matrix. Taking an approach different from existing literature, our method first involves a specific biased sampling, with an element being…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2014-10-16 Srinadh Bhojanapalli , Prateek Jain , Sujay Sanghavi

We tackle the problems of computing the rightmost variant of the Lempel-Ziv factorizations in the online/sliding model. Previous best bounds for this problem are O(n log n) time with O(n) space, due to Amir et al. [IPL 2002] for the online…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-08-07 Wataru Sumiyoshi , Takuya Mieno , Shunsuke Inenaga

Modern software often accepts inputs with highly complex grammars. Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have shown that they can be used to synthesize high-quality natural language text and code that conforms to the grammar of a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-02-03 Kunpeng Zhang , Zongjie Li , Daoyuan Wu , Shuai Wang , Xin Xia

We propose a universal ensemble for random selection of rate-distortion codes, which is asymptotically optimal in a sample-wise sense. According to this ensemble, each reproduction vector, $\hbx$, is selected independently at random under…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-12-26 Neri Merhav