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Image classification with neural networks (NNs) is widely used in industrial processes, situations where the model likely encounters unknown objects during deployment, i.e., out-of-distribution (OOD) data. Worryingly, NNs tend to make…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Arthur Thuy , Dries F. Benoit

Quantifying uncertainty in a model's predictions is important as it enables the safety of an AI system to be increased by acting on the model's output in an informed manner. This is crucial for applications where the cost of an error is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-05-31 Aria Khoshsirat

When employing deep neural networks (DNNs) for semantic segmentation in safety-critical applications like automotive perception or medical imaging, it is important to estimate their performance at runtime, e.g. via uncertainty estimates or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-18 Edgar Heinert , Stephan Tilgner , Timo Palm , Matthias Rottmann

Safe deployment of graph neural networks (GNNs) under distribution shift requires models to provide accurate confidence indicators (CI). However, while it is well-known in computer vision that CI quality diminishes under distribution shift,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-21 Puja Trivedi , Mark Heimann , Rushil Anirudh , Danai Koutra , Jayaraman J. Thiagarajan

In this work, we study the influence of domain-specific characteristics when defining a meaningful notion of predictive uncertainty on graph data. Previously, the so-called Graph Posterior Network (GPN) model has been proposed to quantify…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-09 Clemens Damke , Eyke Hüllermeier

Knowledge distillation, a technique recently gaining popularity for enhancing model generalization in Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), operates under the assumption that both teacher and student models are trained on identical data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-06 Can Wang , Zhe Wang , Defang Chen , Sheng Zhou , Yan Feng , Chun Chen

Knowledge distillation, which involves extracting the "dark knowledge" from a teacher network to guide the learning of a student network, has emerged as an essential technique for model compression and transfer learning. Unlike previous…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-12-18 Guodong Xu , Ziwei Liu , Chen Change Loy

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have attracted tremendous attention by demonstrating their capability to handle graph data. However, they are difficult to be deployed in resource-limited devices due to model sizes and scalability constraints…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-02 Yijun Tian , Shichao Pei , Xiangliang Zhang , Chuxu Zhang , Nitesh V. Chawla

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have been a prevailing technique for tackling various analysis tasks on graph data. A key premise for the remarkable performance of GNNs relies on complete and trustworthy initial graph descriptions (i.e., node…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-27 Cuiying Huo , Di Jin , Yawen Li , Dongxiao He , Yu-Bin Yang , Lingfei Wu

Graph neural networks (GNNs) are powerful tools on graph data. However, their predictions are mis-calibrated and lack interpretability, limiting their adoption in critical applications. To address this issue, we propose a new…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Lingkai Kong , Haotian Sun , Yuchen Zhuang , Haorui Wang , Wenhao Mu , Chao Zhang

Despite the huge success of deep neural networks (NNs), finding good mechanisms for quantifying their prediction uncertainty is still an open problem. Bayesian neural networks are one of the most popular approaches to uncertainty…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-01-01 Agustinus Kristiadi , Sina Däubener , Asja Fischer

Quantifying predictive uncertainty of neural networks has recently attracted increasing attention. In this work, we focus on measuring uncertainty of graph neural networks (GNNs) for the task of node classification. Most existing GNNs model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-04 Zhao Xu , Carolin Lawrence , Ammar Shaker , Raman Siarheyeu

Ensembles of neural networks have been shown to give better performance than single networks, both in terms of predictions and uncertainty estimation. Additionally, ensembles allow the uncertainty to be decomposed into aleatoric (data) and…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-01-11 Jakob Lindqvist , Amanda Olmin , Fredrik Lindsten , Lennart Svensson

Graph Convolutional Network (GCN) has exhibited strong empirical performance in many real-world applications. The vast majority of existing works on GCN primarily focus on the accuracy while ignoring how confident or uncertain a GCN is with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-13 Jian Kang , Qinghai Zhou , Hanghang Tong

The increasingly wide use of deep machine learning techniques in computational mechanics has significantly accelerated simulations of problems that were considered unapproachable just a few years ago. However, in critical applications such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-01 David Gonzalez , Alba Muixi , Beatriz Moya , Elias Cueto

Deep neural networks(NNs) have achieved impressive performance, often exceed human performance on many computer vision tasks. However, one of the most challenging issues that still remains is that NNs are overconfident in their predictions,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-30 Chanwoo Park , Jae Myung Kim , Seok Hyeon Ha , Jungwoo Lee

Uncertainty quantification is crucial for building reliable and trustable machine learning systems. We propose to estimate uncertainty in recurrent neural networks (RNNs) via stochastic discrete state transitions over recurrent timesteps.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-25 Cheng Wang , Carolin Lawrence , Mathias Niepert

Deep learning is increasingly being applied in safety-critical domains. For these scenarios it is important to know the level of uncertainty in a model's prediction to ensure appropriate decisions are made by the system. Deep ensembles are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-17 Yassir Fathullah , Mark J. F. Gales

While graph neural networks (GNNs) are widely used for node and graph representation learning tasks, the reliability of GNN uncertainty estimates under distribution shifts remains relatively under-explored. Indeed, while post-hoc…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-16 Puja Trivedi , Mark Heimann , Rushil Anirudh , Danai Koutra , Jayaraman J. Thiagarajan

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have demonstrated strong performance in graph representation learning across various real-world applications. However, they often produce biased predictions caused by sensitive attributes, such as religion or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Chengyu Li , Debo Cheng , Guixian Zhang , Yi Li , Shichao Zhang