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Accelerating computing demand, largely from AI applications, has led to concerns about its carbon footprint. Fortunately, a significant fraction of computing demand comes from batch jobs that are often delay-tolerant and elastic, which…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Walid A. Hanafy , Li Wu , David Irwin , Prashant Shenoy

Cloud platforms' rapid growth is raising significant concerns about their carbon emissions. To reduce emissions, future cloud platforms will need to increase their reliance on renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind, which have…

Operating Systems · Computer Science 2022-10-12 Abel Souza , Noman Bashir , Jorge Murillo , Walid Hanafy , Qianlin Liang , David Irwin , Prashant Shenoy

Cloud computing has become the de facto paradigm for delivering software to system users, with organizations and enterprises of all sizes making use of cloud services in some way. On the surface, adopting the cloud appears to be a very…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-05-19 Richard Westerhof , Richard Atherton , Vasilios Andrikopoulos

The significant carbon footprint of the ICT sector calls for methodologies to contain carbon emissions of running software. This article proposes a novel framework for implementing, configuring and assessing carbon-aware interactive…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-05-22 Stefano Forti , Jacopo Soldani , Antonio Brogi

Green computing represents a critical pathway to decarbonize the digital economy while maintaining technological progress. This article examines how sustainable IT strategies including energy-efficient hardware, AI-optimized data centres,…

Computing is at a moment of profound opportunity. Emerging applications -- such as capable artificial intelligence, immersive virtual realities, and pervasive sensor systems -- drive unprecedented demand for computer. Despite recent…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-08-22 Benjamin C. Lee , David Brooks , Arthur van Benthem , Udit Gupta , Gage Hills , Vincent Liu , Benjamin Pierce , Christopher Stewart , Emma Strubell , Gu-Yeon Wei , Adam Wierman , Yuan Yao , Minlan Yu

This paper presents a methodology for allocating energy consumption to multiple users of shared data center machines, infrastructure, and software. Google uses this methodology to provide carbon reporting data for enterprise customers of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-06-17 Ian Schneider , Taylor Mattia

Energy consumption of Cloud data centers has been a major concern of many researchers, and one of the reasons for huge energy consumption of Clouds lies in the inefficient utilization of computing resources. Besides energy consumption,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2018-03-26 Minxian Xu , Adel Nadjaran Toosi , Rajkumar Buyya

Computational decarbonization aims to reduce carbon emissions in computing and societal systems such as data centers, transportation, and built environments. This requires accurate, fine-grained carbon intensity forecasts, yet existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Diptyaroop Maji , Kang Yang , Prashant Shenoy , Ramesh K Sitaraman , Mani Srivastava

Cloud computing is revolutionizing the ICT landscape by providing scalable and efficient computing resources on demand. The ICT industry - especially data centers, are responsible for considerable amounts of CO2 emissions and will very soon…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2012-10-16 Drazen Lucanin , Michael Maurer , Toni Mastelic , Ivona Brandic

The power sector is responsible for 32 percent of global greenhouse gas emissions. Data centers and cryptocurrencies use significant amounts of electricity and contribute to these emissions. Demand-side flexibility of data centers is one…

Applications · Statistics 2025-09-05 Veronica M. Paez , Neda Mohammadi , John E. Taylor

The energy demand of modern cloud services, particularly those related to generative AI, is increasing at an unprecedented pace. To date, carbon-aware computing strategies have primarily focused on batch process scheduling or…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Philipp Wiesner , Dennis Grinwald , Philipp Weiß , Patrick Wilhelm , Ramin Khalili , Odej Kao

Rapid adoption of Cloud computing for hosting services and its success is primarily attributed to its attractive features such as elasticity, availability and pay-as-you-go pricing model. However, the huge amount of energy consumed by cloud…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-09-01 Minxian Xu , Adel N. Toosi , Rajkumar Buyya

Nowadays cloud computing adoption as a form of hosted application and services is widespread due to decreasing costs of hardware, software, and maintenance. Cloud enables access to a shared pool of virtual resources hosted in large…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-07-14 Niloofar Gholipour , Ehsan Arianyan , Rajkumar Buyya

The Cloud Computing paradigm consists in providing customers with virtual services of the quality which meets customers' requirements. A cloud service operator is interested in using his infrastructure in the most efficient way while…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2014-03-04 Thomas Carli , Stéphane Henriot , Johanne Cohen , Joanna Tomasik

Global digitalization has given birth to the explosion of digital services in approximately every sector of contemporary life. Applications of artificial intelligence, blockchain technologies, and internet of things are promising to…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-06-15 Nuoa Lei

Cloud providers, like Amazon, offer their data centers' computational and storage capacities for lease to paying customers. High electricity consumption, associated with running a data center, not only reflects on its carbon footprint, but…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2011-02-16 Michele Mazzucco , Dmytro Dyachuk , Ralph Deters

The popularization of cloud computing has raised concerns over the energy consumption that takes place in data centers. In addition to the energy consumed by servers, the energy consumed by large numbers of network devices emerges as a…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2016-11-17 Lin Wang , Fa Zhang , Jordi Arjona Aroca , Athanasios V. Vasilakos , Kai Zheng , Chenying Hou , Dan Li , Zhiyong Liu

Over the past decade, the continuous surge in cloud computing demand has intensified data center workloads, leading to significant carbon emissions and driving the need for improving their efficiency and sustainability. This paper focuses…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Enno Breukelman , Sophie Hall , Giuseppe Belgioioso , Florian Dörfler

Data centers are significant contributors to carbon emissions and can strain power systems due to their high electricity consumption. To mitigate this impact and to participate in demand response programs, cloud computing companies strive…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-29 Sophie Hall , Francesco Micheli , Giuseppe Belgioioso , Ana Radovanović , Florian Dörfler