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We describe a method to simulate the dynamics of charged colloidal particles suspended in a liquid containing dissociated ions and salt ions. Regimes of prime current interest are those of large volume fraction of colloids, highly charged…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2008-01-28 J. Dobnikar , D. Haložan , M. Brumen , H. -H. von Grünberg , R. Rzehak

A system modeling the electrophoretic motion of a charged rigid macromolecule immersed in a incompressible ionized fluid is considered. The ionic concentration is governing by the Nernst-Planck equation coupled with the Poisson equation for…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2014-02-20 Luciano Bedin , Mark Thompson

A macroscopic model to describe the dynamics of ion transport in ion channels is the Poisson-Nernst-Planck(PNP) equations. In this paper, we develop a finite-difference method for solving PNP equations, which is second-order accurate in…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2013-03-18 Allen Flavell , Michael Machen , Bob Eisenberg , Chun Liu , Xiaofan Li

The Poisson-Nernst-Planck (PNP) equations are fundamental for modeling ion transport in electrochemical systems, capturing the intricate interplay of concentration gradients, electric fields, and ion fluxes essential for applications such…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2025-01-13 Yitao He , Dan Zhao

Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of ions (K$^+$, Na$^+$, Ca$^{2+}$ and Cl$^-$) in aqueous solutions are investigated. Water is described using the SPC/E model. A stochastic coarse-grained description for ion behaviour is presented and…

Computational Physics · Physics 2016-04-27 Radek Erban

In order to describe the dynamics of crowded ions (charged particles), we use an energetic variation approach to derive a modified Poisson-Nernst-Planck (PNP) system which includes an extra dissipation due to the effective velocity…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2014-08-01 Chia-Yu Hsieh , YunKyong Hyon , Hijin Lee , Tai-Chia Lin , Chun Liu

In the framework of a multiscale modeling approach, we present a systematic study of a bipolar rectifying nanopore using a continuum and a particle simulation method. The common ground in the two methods is the application of the…

We present a finite volume scheme for modeling the diffusion of charged particles, specifically ions, in constrained geometries using a degenerate Poisson-Nernst-Planck system with size exclusion yielding cross-diffusion. Our method…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-03-04 Clément Cancès , Maxime Herda , Annamaria Massimini

The Poisson--Nernst--Planck (PNP) equations have been widely applied to describe ionic transport in ion channels, nanofluidic devices, and many electrochemical systems. Despite their wide applications, the PNP equations fail in predicting…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2018-01-03 Farjana Siddiqua , Zhongming Wang , Shenggao Zhou

In ionic solutions, there are multi-species charged particles (ions) with different properties like mass, charge etc. Macroscopic continuum models like the Poisson-Nernst-Planck (PNP) systems have been extensively used to describe the…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2024-08-21 Hao Wu , Tai-Chia Lin , Chun Liu

Effective Poisson-Nernst-Planck (PNP) equations are derived for macroscopic ion transport in charged porous media under periodic fluid flow by an asymptotic multi-scale expansion with drift. The microscopic setting is a two-component…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2014-07-16 Markus Schmuck , Martin Z. Bazant

Using the scheme of mesoscopic nonequilibrium thermodynamics, we construct the one- and two- particle Fokker-Planck equations for a system of interacting Brownian particles. By means of these equations we derive the corresponding balance…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2009-11-07 M. Mayorga , L. Romero-Salazar , J. M. Rubi

We consider the Poisson-Nernst-Planck system which is well-accepted for describing dilute electrolytes as well as transport of charged species in homogeneous environments. Here, we study these equations in porous media whose electric…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2013-02-26 Markus Schmuck

Modeling of biomolecular systems plays an essential role in understanding biological processes, such as ionic flow across channels, protein modification or interaction, and cell signaling. The continuum model described by the…

Biological Physics · Physics 2015-12-08 Yu Qiao , Benzhuo Lu

Ion transport, often described by the Poisson--Nernst--Planck (PNP) equations, is ubiquitous in electrochemical devices and many biological processes of significance. In this work, we develop conservative, positivity-preserving, energy…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2020-07-15 Jie Ding , Zhongming Wang , Shenggao Zhou

Numerical algorithms are proposed for simulating the Brownian dynamics of charged particles in an external magnetic field, taking into account the Brownian motion of charged particles, damping effect and the effect of magnetic field…

Computational Physics · Physics 2009-05-21 L. J. Hou , Z. L. Mišković , A. Piel , P. K. Shukla

Characterizing the local voltage distribution within nanophysiological domains, driven by ionic currents through membrane channels, is crucial for studying cellular activity in modern biophysics, yet it presents significant experimental and…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2026-05-14 Frédéric Paquin-Lefebvre , Alejandro Barea Moreno , David Holcman

The molecular mechanism of ion channel gating and substrate modulation is elusive for many voltage gated ion channels, such as eukaryotic sodium ones. The understanding of channel functions is a pressing issue in molecular biophysics and…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2016-11-15 Duan Chen , Guowei Wei

This work is concerned with the stationary Poisson--Nernst--Planck equation with a large parameter which describes a huge number of ions occupying an electrolytic region. Firstly, we focus on the model with a single specie of positive…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2023-11-20 Jhih-Hong Lyu , Chiun-Chang Lee , Tai-Chia Lin

In the high persistence regime of non-inertial active Brownian particles (ABP), polarization becomes a relevant dynamical field. Based on a recently proposed kinetic description for ABP, we derive Navier-Stokes-like equations for the…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2025-10-21 Martín Pinto-Goldberg , Rodrigo Soto
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