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Secure interoperability across heterogeneous blockchains remains one of the most pressing challenges in Web3 with existing bridge protocols vulnerable to both classical exploits and emerging quantum threats. This paper introduces QLink a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Joao Vitor Barros Da Silva , Arsh Gupta , Madhusudan Singh Irish Singh

A blockchain is a distributed ledger for recording transactions, maintained by many nodes without central authority through a distributed cryptographic protocol. All nodes validate the information to be appended to the blockchain, and a…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2017-07-10 Christian Cachin , Marko Vukolić

Insurance claims processing involves multi-domain entities and multi-source data, along with a number of human-agent interactions. Use of Blockchain technology-based platform can significantly improve scalability and response time for…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-02-21 Roshan Lal Neupane , Ernest Bonnah , Bishnu Bhusal , Kiran Neupane , Khaza Anuarul Hoque , Prasad Calyam

Blockchain protocols come with a variety of security guarantees. For example, BFT-inspired protocols such as Algorand tend to be secure in the partially synchronous setting, while longest chain protocols like Bitcoin will normally require…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-11-08 Andrew Lewis-Pye , Tim Roughgarden

Our work focuses on the design of a scalable permissionless blockchain in the proof-of-stake setting. In particular, we use a distributed hash table as a building block to set up randomized shards, and then leverage the sharded architecture…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-07-12 Antoine Durand , Emmanuelle Anceaume , Romaric Ludinard

Bitcoin provides freshness properties by forming a blockchain where each block is associated with its timestamp and the previous block. Due to these properties, the Bitcoin protocol is being used as a decentralized, trusted, and secure…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-05-21 Pawel Szalachowski

We present a novel method for a multi-party, zero-trust validator infrastructure deployment arrangement via smart contracts to secure Proof-of-Stake (PoS) blockchains. The proposed arrangement architecture employs a combination of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-08-03 Scott Seidenberger , Alec Sokol , Anindya Maiti

Blockchain is a type of decentralized distributed network which acts as an immutable digital ledger. Despite the absence of any central governing authority to validate the blocks in the ledger, it is considered secure and immutable due to…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-09-07 Shashank Joshi

We present TRAIL: an algorithm that uses a novel consensus procedure to tolerate failed or malicious shards within a blockchain-based cryptocurrency. Our algorithm takes a new approach of selecting validator shards for each transaction from…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Mitch Jacovetty , Joseph Oglio , Mikhail Nesterenko , Gokarna Sharma

We present BATTLE for Bitcoin, a DoS-resilient dispute layer that secures optimistic bridges between Bitcoin and rollups or sidechains. Our design adapts the BATTLE tournament protocol to Bitcoin's UTXO model using BitVM-style FLEX…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Sergio Demian Lerner , Ariel Futoransky

An option is a financial agreement between two parties to trade two assets. One party is given the right, but not the obligation, to complete the swap before a specified termination time. In todays financial markets, an option is considered…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-05-09 Daniel Engel , Yingjie Xue

Blockchains such as Bitcoin and Ethereum execute payment transactions securely, but their performance is limited by the need for global consensus. Payment networks overcome this limitation through off-chain transactions. Instead of writing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-10-29 Joshua Lind , Oded Naor , Ittay Eyal , Florian Kelbert , Peter Pietzuch , Emin Gun Sirer

Zcash is a fork of Bitcoin with optional anonymity features. While transparent transactions are fully linkable, shielded transactions use zero-knowledge proofs to obscure the parties and amounts of the transactions. First, we observe…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-12-05 Jeffrey Quesnelle

Blockchains are tamper evident and tamper resistant digital ledgers implemented in a distributed fashion (i.e., without a central repository) and usually without a central authority (i.e., a bank, company, or government). At their basic…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-06-27 Dylan Yaga , Peter Mell , Nik Roby , Karen Scarfone

Blockchain technology has become a trusted method for establishing secure and transparent transactions through a distributed, encrypted network. The operation of blockchain is governed by consensus algorithms, among which Proof of Stake…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-03 Bruno Ramos-Cruz , Javier Andreu-Pérez , Francisco J. Quesada , Luis Martínez

This paper presents a complete formal specification, protocol description, and mathematical proof structure for Simplified Payment Verification (SPV) as originally defined in the Bitcoin whitepaper \cite{nakamoto2008}. In stark contrast to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-02 Craig S Wright

The exploitation of smart-contract vulnerabilities can have catastrophic consequences such as the loss of millions of pounds worth of crypto assets. Formal verification can be a useful tool in identifying vulnerabilities and proving that…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2020-02-10 Pedro Antonino , A. W. Roscoe

At the heart of the Bitcoin is a blockchain protocol, a protocol for achieving consensus on a public ledger that records bitcoin transactions. To the extent that a blockchain protocol is used for applications such as contract signing and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-07-28 Joseph Y. Halpern , Rafael Pass

Current blockchain technologies provide very limited interoperability. Restrictions with regards to asset transfers and data exchange between different blockchains reduce usability and comfort for users, and hinder novel developments within…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-05-16 Michael Borkowski , Marten Sigwart , Philipp Frauenthaler , Taneli Hukkinen , Stefan Schulte

Modern blockchain applications are often constrained by a trade-off between user experience and trust. Chainless Apps present a new paradigm of application architecture that separates execution, trust, bridging, and settlement into distinct…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Brian Seong , Paul Gebheim