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As vision-language models (VLMs) are increasingly deployed in clinical decision support, more than accuracy is required: knowing when to trust their predictions is equally critical. Yet, a comprehensive and systematic investigation into the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Ji Young Byun , Young-Jin Park , Jean-Philippe Corbeil , Asma Ben Abacha

Large vision-language models (LVLMs) frequently suffer from Object Hallucination (OH), wherein they generate descriptions containing objects that are not actually present in the input image. This phenomenon is particularly problematic in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Yanbin Huang , Yisen Li , Guiyao Tie , Xiaoye Qu , Pan Zhou , Hongfei Wang , Zhaofan Zou , Hao Sun , Xuelong Li

Large language models (LLMs) are prone to hallucinations, i.e., statements unsupported by the input or training data, hindering reliable deployment. In parallel, numerous uncertainty estimation (UE) methods have been proposed to quantify…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Yedidia Agnimo , Anna Korba , Annabelle Blangero , Nicolas Chesneau , Karteek Alahari

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have recently demonstrated remarkable progress, yet hallucination remains a critical barrier, particularly in chart understanding, which requires sophisticated perceptual and cognitive abilities as well…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Xingqi Wang , Yiming Cui , Xin Yao , Shijin Wang , Guoping Hu , Xiaoyu Qin

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) are susceptible to hallucinations, where generated responses seem semantically plausible yet exhibit little or no relevance to the input image. Previous studies reveal that this issue primarily stems…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Hao Fang , Changle Zhou , Jiawei Kong , Kuofeng Gao , Bin Chen , Shu-Tao Xia

Large Language Models (LLMs) are powerful linguistic engines but remain susceptible to hallucinations: plausible-sounding outputs that are factually incorrect or unsupported. In this work, we present a mathematically grounded framework to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Moses Kiprono

We introduce VIGIL (Visual Inconsistency & Generative In-context Lucidity), the first benchmark dataset and framework providing a fine-grained categorization of hallucinations in the multimodal image recontextualization task for large…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Joanna Wojciechowicz , Maria Łubniewska , Jakub Antczak , Justyna Baczyńska , Wojciech Gromski , Wojciech Kozłowski , Maciej Zięba

The development of Large Language Models (LLMs) has significantly advanced various AI applications in commercial and scientific research fields, such as scientific literature summarization, writing assistance, and knowledge graph…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Huiwen Wu , Xiaohan Li , Xiaogang Xu , Jiafei Wu , Deyi Zhang , Zhe Liu

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated strong performance in visual understanding tasks, yet they often suffer from object hallucinations--generating descriptions of objects that are inconsistent with or entirely absent…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Xinmiao Hu , Chun Wang , Ruihe An , ChenYu Shao , Xiaojun Ye , Sheng Zhou , Liangcheng Li

Hallucinations in Large Language Models (LLMs) pose a significant challenge, generating misleading or unverifiable content that undermines trust and reliability. Existing evaluation methods, such as KnowHalu, employ multi-stage verification…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Chenggong Zhang , Haopeng Wang , Hexi Meng

Large vision-language models (LVMs) extend large language models (LLMs) with visual perception capabilities, enabling them to process and interpret visual information. A major challenge compromising their reliability is object hallucination…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Kejia Zhang , Keda Tao , Jiasheng Tang , Huan Wang

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit strong generative capabilities but remain vulnerable to confabulations, fluent yet unreliable outputs that vary arbitrarily even under identical prompts. Leveraging a quantum tensor network based…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Pragatheeswaran Vipulanandan , Kamal Premaratne , Dilip Sarkar

Multimodal Vision Language Models (VLMs) have emerged as a transformative topic at the intersection of computer vision and natural language processing, enabling machines to perceive and reason about the world through both visual and textual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Zongxia Li , Xiyang Wu , Hongyang Du , Fuxiao Liu , Huy Nghiem , Guangyao Shi

Hallucinations in Large Language Models (LLMs) pose a major barrier to their reliable use in critical decision-making. Although existing hallucination detection methods have improved accuracy, they still struggle with disentangling semantic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Junjie Hu , Gang Tu , ShengYu Cheng , Jinxin Li , Jinting Wang , Rui Chen , Zhilong Zhou , Dongbo Shan

Evaluating the robustness of Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) is essential for their continued development and responsible deployment in real-world applications. However, existing robustness benchmarks typically focus on hallucination…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Huiyi Chen , Jiawei Peng , Dehai Min , Changchang Sun , Kaijie Chen , Yan Yan , Xu Yang , Lu Cheng

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive generative capabilities across diverse tasks but remain susceptible to hallucinations, confidently generated yet factually incorrect outputs. We introduce a reference-free,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Keshav Kumar

Large language models (LLMs) are prone to hallucinations, which sparked a widespread effort to detect and prevent them. Recent work attempts to mitigate hallucinations by intervening in the model's generation, typically computing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-12 Adi Simhi , Jonathan Herzig , Idan Szpektor , Yonatan Belinkov

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have unlocked powerful cross-modal capabilities, but still significantly suffer from hallucinations. As such, accurate detection of hallucinations in MLLMs is imperative for ensuring their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Pinxue Guo , Chongruo Wu , Xinyu Zhou , Lingyi Hong , Zhaoyu Chen , Jinglun Li , Kaixun Jiang , Sen-ching Samson Cheung , Wei Zhang , Wenqiang Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional capabilities across various machine learning (ML) tasks. Given the high costs of creating annotated datasets for supervised learning, LLMs offer a valuable alternative by enabling…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-23 Meiyun Wang , Masahiro Suzuki , Hiroki Sakaji , Kiyoshi Izumi

The rapid development of Multi-modality Large Language Models (MLLMs) has significantly influenced various aspects of industry and daily life, showcasing impressive capabilities in visual perception and understanding. However, these models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Yinan Sun , Zicheng Zhang , Haoning Wu , Xiaohong Liu , Weisi Lin , Guangtao Zhai , Xiongkuo Min
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