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The functional features of spatial networks depend upon a non-trivial relationship between the topological and physical structure. Here, we explore that relationship for spatial networks with radial symmetry and disordered fractal…

Materials Science · Physics 2023-11-01 A. C. Flores-Ortega , J. R. Nicolás-Carlock , J. L. Carrillo-Estrada

The impact of inhomogeneous arrangement of nodes in space on network organization cannot be neglected in most of real-world scale-free networks. Here, we wish to suggest a model for a geographical network with nodes embedded in a fractal…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-05-19 Kousuke Yakubo , Dean Korosak

We performed a set of numerical simulations to characterize the interplay of fracture network topology, upscaling, and mesh refinement on flow and transport properties in fractured porous media. We generated a set of generic…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2023-02-23 Aleksandra A. Pachalieva , Matthew R. Sweeney , Hari Viswanathan , Emily Stein , Rosie Leone , Jeffrey D. Hyman

Accurate segmentation of long and thin tubular structures is required in a wide variety of areas such as biology, medicine, and remote sensing. The complex topology and geometry of such structures often pose significant technical…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-07-23 Jiaxing Huang , Yanfeng Zhou , Yaoru Luo , Guole Liu , Heng Guo , Ge Yang

In many real complex networks, the fractal and self-similarity properties have been found. The fractal dimension is a useful method to describe fractal property of complex networks. Fractal analysis is inadequate if only taking one fractal…

Physics and Society · Physics 2014-03-03 Daijun Wei , Xiaowu Chen , Cai Gao , Haixin Zhang , Bo Wei , Yong Deng

This paper examines the efficiency of spatial and frequency dimensions in serving multiple users in the downlink of a small cell wireless network with randomly deployed access points. For this purpose, the stochastic geometry framework is…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2014-02-18 Stelios Stefanatos , Angeliki Alexiou

In this paper we study self-similar and fractal networks from the combinatorial perspective. We establish analogues of topological (Lebesgue) and fractal (Hausdorff) dimensions for graphs and demonstrate that they are naturally related to…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-12-25 Pavel Skums , Leonid Bunimovich

The fractal dimension provides a statistical index of object complexity by studying how the pattern changes with the measuring scale. Although useful in several classification tasks, the fractal dimension is under-explored in deep learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-10 Julia El Zini , Bassel Musharrafieh , Mariette Awad

Since a spatial distribution of communication requests is inhomogeneous and related to a population, in constructing a network, it is crucial for delivering packets on short paths through the links between proximity nodes and for…

Physics and Society · Physics 2012-07-31 Yukio Hayashi

We introduce appropriate definitions of dimensions in order to characterize the fractal properties of complex networks. We compute these dimensions in a hierarchically structured network of particular interest. In spite of the nontrivial…

Condensed Matter · Physics 2007-09-23 Victor M. Eguiluz , Emilio Hernandez-Garcia , Oreste Piro , Konstantin Klemm

Fractal structures emerge from statistical and hierarchical processes in urban development or network evolution. In a class of efficient and robust geographical networks, we derive the size distribution of layered areas, and estimate the…

Physics and Society · Physics 2015-05-20 Yukio Hayashi

This paper presents a versatile model for generating fractal complex networks that closely mirror the properties of real-world systems. By combining features of reverse renormalization and evolving network models, the proposed approach…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-09-23 Kordian Makulski , Mateusz Samsel , Michal Lepek , Agata Fronczak , Piotr Fronczak

Bounding and predicting the generalization gap of overparameterized neural networks remains a central open problem in theoretical machine learning. There is a recent and growing body of literature that proposes the framework of fractals to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-04 Charlie B. Tan , Inés García-Redondo , Qiquan Wang , Michael M. Bronstein , Anthea Monod

In this article, we present a novel box-covering algorithm for analyzing the fractal properties of complex networks. Unlike traditional algorithms that impose a predetermined box size, our approach assigns nodes to boxes identified by their…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2025-09-23 Michal Lepek , Kordian Makulski , Agata Fronczak , Piotr Fronczak

Topological Data Analysis (TDA) uses insights from topology to create representations of data able to capture global and local geometric and topological properties. Its methods have successfully been used to develop estimations of fractal…

Fractals represent one of the fundamental manifestations of complexity, and fractal networks serve as tools for characterizing and investigating the fractal structures and properties of large-scale systems. Higher-order networks have…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-05-01 Lin Qi , Jiaxin Zhang

We give exact relations for certain types of the hierarchic fractal structures. In the blatant distinction from regular networks of the "small world" (SW) topology [1], regular fractal networks manifests the logarithmic dependence of the…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2007-05-23 Gregory Surdutovich , Vladimir Gol'dshtein , Gennady Koganov

Connectivity patterns of relevance in neuroscience and systems biology can be encoded in hierarchical modular networks (HMNs). Moreover, recent studies highlight the role of hierarchical modular organization in shaping brain activity…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2017-11-22 Ali Safari , Paolo Moretti , Miguel A. Muñoz

We introduce a design strategy for neural network macro-architecture based on self-similarity. Repeated application of a simple expansion rule generates deep networks whose structural layouts are precisely truncated fractals. These networks…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-05-30 Gustav Larsson , Michael Maire , Gregory Shakhnarovich

The human brain has been studied at multiple scales, from neurons, circuits, areas with well defined anatomical and functional boundaries, to large-scale functional networks which mediate coherent cognition. In a recent work, we addressed…

Biological Physics · Physics 2012-05-17 Lazaros K. Gallos , Mariano Sigman , Hernan A. Makse
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