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The proliferation of Large Language Models (LLMs) has introduced critical security challenges, where adversarial actors can manipulate input prompts to cause significant harm and circumvent safety alignments. These prompt-based attacks…

Prompt injection and jailbreaking attacks pose persistent security challenges to large language model (LLM)-based systems. We present PromptScreen, an efficient and systematically evaluated defense architecture that mitigates these threats…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Akshaj Prashanth Rao , Advait Singh , Saumya Kumaar Saksena , Dhruv Kumar

Large Language Model (LLM) applications are vulnerable to prompt injection and context manipulation attacks that traditional security models cannot prevent. We introduce two novel primitives--authenticated prompts and authenticated…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Mohan Rajagopalan , Vinay Rao

Natural language interfaces to structured databases are becoming increasingly common, largely due to advances in large language models (LLMs) that enable users to query data using conversational input rather than formal query languages such…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Farzad Nourmohammadzadeh Motlagh , Mehrdad Hajizadeh , Mehryar Majd , Pejman Najafi , Feng Cheng , Christoph Meinel

LLM-enabled applications are rapidly reshaping the software ecosystem by using large language models as core reasoning components for complex task execution. This paradigm shift, however, introduces fundamentally new reliability challenges…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Yedi Zhang , Haoyu Wang , Xianglin Yang , Jin Song Dong , Jun Sun

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used in interactive and retrieval-augmented systems, but they remain vulnerable to prompt injection attacks, where injected secondary prompts force the model to deviate from the user's…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Md Jahedur Rahman , Ihsen Alouani

Recent secure code generation methods, using vulnerability-aware fine-tuning, prefix-tuning, and prompt optimization, claim to prevent LLMs from producing insecure code. However, their robustness under adversarial conditions remains…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Melissa Tessa , Iyiola E. Olatunji , Aicha War , Jacques Klein , Tegawendé F. Bissyandé

With the increase in software vulnerabilities that cause significant economic and social losses, automatic vulnerability detection has become essential in software development and maintenance. Recently, large language models (LLMs) like GPT…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-04-15 Chenyuan Zhang , Hao Liu , Jiutian Zeng , Kejing Yang , Yuhong Li , Hui Li

LLM-integrated applications and agents are vulnerable to prompt injection attacks, where an attacker injects prompts into their inputs to induce attacker-desired outputs. A detection method aims to determine whether a given input is…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Yupei Liu , Yuqi Jia , Jinyuan Jia , Dawn Song , Neil Zhenqiang Gong

Large Language Models (LLMs) are seeing significant adoption in every type of organization due to their exceptional generative capabilities. However, LLMs are found to be vulnerable to various adversarial attacks, particularly prompt…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Md. Ahsan Ayub , Subhabrata Majumdar

With the integration of an additional modality, large vision-language models (LVLMs) exhibit greater vulnerability to safety risks (e.g., jailbreaking) compared to their language-only predecessors. Although recent studies have devoted…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Ziwei Zheng , Junyao Zhao , Le Yang , Lijun He , Fan Li

Jailbreaking is an emerging adversarial attack that bypasses the safety alignment deployed in off-the-shelf large language models (LLMs). A considerable amount of research exists proposing more effective jailbreak attacks, including the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Daoyuan Wu , Shuai Wang , Yang Liu , Ning Liu

Phishing sites continue to grow in volume and sophistication. Recent work leverages large language models (LLMs) to analyze URLs, HTML, and rendered content to decide whether a website is a phishing site. While these approaches are…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Takashi Koide , Hiroki Nakano , Daiki Chiba

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel in processing and generating human language, powered by their ability to interpret and follow instructions. However, their capabilities can be exploited through prompt injection attacks. These attacks…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-11 Xiaogeng Liu , Zhiyuan Yu , Yizhe Zhang , Ning Zhang , Chaowei Xiao

As large language models (LLMs) become integrated into everyday applications, ensuring their robustness and security is increasingly critical. In particular, LLMs can be manipulated into unsafe behaviour by prompts known as jailbreaks. The…

Large language models (LLMs) are vulnerable to adversarial attacks that add malicious tokens to an input prompt to bypass the safety guardrails of an LLM and cause it to produce harmful content. In this work, we introduce erase-and-check,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Aounon Kumar , Chirag Agarwal , Suraj Srinivas , Aaron Jiaxun Li , Soheil Feizi , Himabindu Lakkaraju

Previous learning-based vulnerability detection methods relied on either medium-sized pre-trained models or smaller neural networks from scratch. Recent advancements in Large Pre-Trained Language Models (LLMs) have showcased remarkable…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-01-30 Xin Zhou , Ting Zhang , David Lo

The integration of additional modalities increases the susceptibility of large vision-language models (LVLMs) to safety risks, such as jailbreak attacks, compared to their language-only counterparts. While existing research primarily…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Yilei Jiang , Xinyan Gao , Tianshuo Peng , Yingshui Tan , Xiaoyong Zhu , Bo Zheng , Xiangyu Yue

Despite various approaches being employed to detect vulnerabilities, the number of reported vulnerabilities shows an upward trend over the years. This suggests the problems are not caught before the code is released, which could be caused…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Karl Tamberg , Hayretdin Bahsi

Large Language Model (LLM) agents increasingly operate across domains such as robotics, virtual assistants, and web automation. However, their stochastic decision-making introduces safety risks that are difficult to anticipate during…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Haoyu Wang , Christopher M. Poskitt , Jiali Wei , Jun Sun