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Music has been commonly recognized as a means of expressing emotions. In this sense, an intense debate emerges from the need to verbalize musical emotions. This concern seems highly relevant today, considering the exponential growth of…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2023-11-08 Jorge Forero , Gilberto Bernardes , Mónica Mendes

The subjective quality of natural signals can be approximated with objective perceptual metrics. Designed to approximate the perceptual behaviour of human observers, perceptual metrics often reflect structures found in natural signals and…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-09-26 Tashi Namgyal , Alexander Hepburn , Raul Santos-Rodriguez , Valero Laparra , Jesus Malo

Response diversity has become an important criterion for evaluating the quality of open-domain dialogue generation models. However, current evaluation metrics for response diversity often fail to capture the semantic diversity of generated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Seungju Han , Beomsu Kim , Buru Chang

This study proposes a system designed to enumerate the process of collaborative composition among humans, using automatic music composition technology. By integrating multiple Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) models, the system provides an…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-03-07 So Hirawata , Noriko Otani

Generative models, such as large language models and text-to-image diffusion models, are increasingly used to create visual designs like user interfaces (UIs) and presentation slides. Finetuning and benchmarking these generative models have…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Yi-Hao Peng , Jeffrey P. Bigham , Jason Wu

In previous work, our results suggested that some cities tend to be ahead of others in their musical preferences. We concluded that work by noting that to properly test this claim, we would try to exploit the leader-follower relationships…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2013-01-24 Conrad Lee , Aaron McDaid , Pádraig Cunningham

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) and audio language models have significantly improved music generation, particularly in lyrics-to-song generation. However, existing approaches still struggle with the complex composition of…

Algorithmic music composition is a way of composing musical pieces with minimal to no human intervention. While recurrent neural networks are traditionally applied to many sequence-to-sequence prediction tasks, including successful…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-03 Moseli Mots'oehli , Anna Sergeevna Bosman , Johan Pieter De Villiers

Time Scale Modification (TSM) is a well-researched field; however, no effective objective measure of quality exists. This paper details the creation, subjective evaluation, and analysis of a dataset for use in the development of an…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-07-17 Timothy Roberts , Kuldip K. Paliwal

One of the challenging problems in Music Information Retrieval is the acquisition of enough non-copyrighted audio recordings for model training and evaluation. This study compares two Transformer-based neural network models for chord…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Martyna Majchrzak , Jacek Mańdziuk

Large language models have demonstrated great potential to assist programmers in generating code. For such human-AI pair programming scenarios, we empirically demonstrate that while generated code is most often evaluated in terms of their…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-06-14 Victor Dibia , Adam Fourney , Gagan Bansal , Forough Poursabzi-Sangdeh , Han Liu , Saleema Amershi

In the era of extensive intersection between art and Artificial Intelligence (AI), such as image generation and fiction co-creation, AI for music remains relatively nascent, particularly in music understanding. This is evident in the…

Large Language Models (LLMs) show promise in lyric-to-melody generation, but models trained with Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT) often produce musically implausible melodies with issues like poor rhythm and unsuitable vocal ranges, a…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Hao Meng , Siyuan Zheng , Shuran Zhou , Qiangqiang Wang , Yang Song

While recent generative models can produce engaging music, their utility is limited. The variation in the music is often left to chance, resulting in compositions that lack structure. Pieces extending beyond a minute can become incoherent…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-11-01 Lilac Atassi

Music Recommender Systems (mRS) are designed to give personalised and meaningful recommendations of items (i.e. songs, playlists or artists) to a user base, thereby reflecting and further complementing individual users' specific music…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-10-07 Dougal Shakespeare , Lorenzo Porcaro , Emilia Gómez , Carlos Castillo

Human feedback is increasingly used to steer the behaviours of Large Language Models (LLMs). However, it is unclear how to collect and incorporate feedback in a way that is efficient, effective and unbiased, especially for highly subjective…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-12 Hannah Rose Kirk , Andrew M. Bean , Bertie Vidgen , Paul Röttger , Scott A. Hale

Natural language processing researchers have identified limitations of evaluation methodology for generation tasks, with new questions raised about the validity of automatic metrics and of crowdworker judgments. Meanwhile, efforts to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-20 Jungo Kasai , Keisuke Sakaguchi , Ronan Le Bras , Lavinia Dunagan , Jacob Morrison , Alexander R. Fabbri , Yejin Choi , Noah A. Smith

Estimating the expected output quality of generation systems is central to NLG. This paper qualifies the notion that automatic metrics are not as good as humans in estimating system-level quality. Statistically, humans are unbiased, high…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Johnny Tian-Zheng Wei , Robin Jia

The complex nature of musical emotion introduces inherent bias in both recognition and generation, particularly when relying on a single audio encoder, emotion classifier, or evaluation metric. In this work, we conduct a study on Music…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-01 Yuanchao Li , Azalea Gui , Dimitra Emmanouilidou , Hannes Gamper

Deep generative models are powerful tools that have produced impressive results in recent years. These advances have been for the most part empirically driven, making it essential that we use high quality evaluation metrics. In this paper,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-06-22 Shane Barratt , Rishi Sharma