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State-of-the-art large language models require specialized hardware and substantial energy to operate. As a consequence, cloud-based services that provide access to large language models have become very popular. In these services, the…

Tokenization is the first step in training any Large Language Model (LLM), where the text is split into a sequence of tokens as per the model's fixed vocabulary. This tokenization in LLMs is different from the traditional tokenization in…

Conversational agents based on Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently emerged as powerful tools for human-computer interaction. Nevertheless, their black-box nature implies challenges in predictability and a lack of personalization,…

When using an LLM to process text outside the training domain(s), an often overlooked factor is vocabulary mismatch, where the general-domain tokenizer fails to capture frequent domain-specific terms, leading to higher token fertility and…

The advent of large language models (LLMs) has gained tremendous attention over the past year. Previous studies have shown the astonishing performance of LLMs not only in other tasks but also in emotion recognition in terms of accuracy,…

While there has been a large body of research attempting to circumvent tokenization for language modeling (Clark et al., 2022; Xue et al., 2022), the current consensus is that it is a necessary initial step for designing state-of-the-art…

The emergent few-shot reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) have excited the natural language and machine learning community over recent years. Despite of numerous successful applications, the underlying mechanism of such…

Large language models (LLMs) are widely applied in chatbots, code generators, and search engines. Workload such as chain-of-throught, complex reasoning, agent services significantly increase the inference cost by invoke the model…

This study explores the application of Large Language Models (LLMs), specifically GPT-4, in the analysis of classroom dialogue, a crucial research task for both teaching diagnosis and quality improvement. Recognizing the knowledge-intensive…

This full research-to-practice paper explores approaches for developing course chatbots by comparing low-code platforms and custom-coded solutions in educational contexts. With the rise of Large Language Models (LLMs) like GPT-4 and LLaMA,…

Beyond mere formality, small talk plays a pivotal role in social dynamics, serving as a verbal handshake for building rapport and understanding. For conversational AI and social robots, the ability to engage in small talk enhances their…

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have catalyzed the rise of reasoning-intensive inference paradigms, where models perform explicit step-by-step reasoning before generating final answers. While such approaches improve…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become an integral part of many real-world workflows. However, LLMs consume a lot of energy, which becomes a large concern in the scale of the demand for these tools. As LLMs become integrated into…

While large language models (LLMs) dominate the AI landscape, Small-scale large Language Models (SLMs) are gaining attention due to cost and efficiency demands from consumers. However, there is limited research on the training behavior and…

Large Language Models (LLMs) often experience performance degradation during long-running interactions due to increasing context length, memory saturation, and computational overhead. This paper presents an adaptive context compression…

In recent years, the rapid advancement and impressive capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) have been evident across various domains. This paper explores the application, implications, and potential of LLMs in building energy…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have quickly become an invaluable assistant for a variety of tasks. However, their effectiveness is constrained by their ability to tailor responses to human preferences and behaviors via personalization. Prior…

Large language models have drastically changed the prospects of AI by introducing technologies for more complex natural language processing. However, current methodologies to train such LLMs require extensive resources including but not…

Although large language models (LLMs) have achieved excellent performance in a variety of evaluation benchmarks, they still struggle in complex reasoning tasks which require specific knowledge and multi-hop reasoning. To improve the…

Each day, individuals set behavioral goals such as eating healthier, exercising regularly, or increasing productivity. While psychological frameworks (i.e., goal setting and implementation intentions) can be helpful, they often need…