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As scaling laws push the training of frontier large language models (LLMs) toward ever-growing data requirements, training pipelines are approaching a regime where much of the publicly available online text may be consumed. At the same…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Giorgio Racca , Michal Valko , Amartya Sanyal

We establish several results on the word problem for just infinite groups. First, for finitely generated just infinite groups we show that the word problem is uniformly decidable for presentations with recursively enumerable sets of…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2026-03-30 Alexey Talambutsa

Large Language Models offer new opportunities to devise automated implementation generation methods that can tackle problem solving activities beyond traditional methods, which require algorithmic specifications and can use only static…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-06 Hashmath Shaik , Alex Doboli

We study algorithmic complexity and expressive power of fusion grammars, a novel formalism introduced in [Kreowski, Kuske, and Lye 2017], which extends hyperedge replacement grammars. In the first part of the work, we prove that the…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Tikhon Pshenitsyn

Dynamical semigroups have become the key structure for describing open system dynamics in all of physics. Bounded generators are known to be of a standard form, due to Gorini, Kossakowski, Sudarshan and Lindblad. This form is often used…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2018-01-17 Inken Siemon , Alexander S. Holevo , Reinhard F. Werner

Given a finitely generated group with generating set $S$, we study the cogrowth sequence, which is the number of words of length $n$ over the alphabet $S$ that are equal to one. This is related to the probability of return for walks the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-09-19 Jason Bell , Haggai Liu , Marni Mishna

Despite the success of existing referenced metrics (e.g., BLEU and MoverScore), they correlate poorly with human judgments for open-ended text generation including story or dialog generation because of the notorious one-to-many issue: there…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-09-17 Jian Guan , Minlie Huang

Large-scale natural language generation requires the integration of vast amounts of knowledge: lexical, grammatical, and conceptual. A robust generator must be able to operate well even when pieces of knowledge are missing. It must also be…

cmp-lg · Computer Science 2008-02-03 Kevin Knight , Vasileios Hatzivassiloglou

In his pioneering work in the field of Inductive Inference, Gold (1967) proved that a set containing all finite languages and at least one infinite language over the same fixed alphabet is not learnable in the exact sense. Within the same…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-03-25 Fernando C. Alves

Concatenation hierarchies are classifications of regular languages. All such hierarchies are built through the same construction process: start from an initial class of languages and build new levels using two generic operations.…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2019-02-14 Thomas Place , Marc Zeitoun

Recent advances in large pre-trained language models have demonstrated strong results in generating natural languages and significantly improved performances for many natural language generation (NLG) applications such as machine…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-27 Nanyun Peng

Self-supervised learning excels at learning representations from large amounts of data. At the same time, generative models offer the complementary property of learning information about the underlying data generation process. In this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Emanuele Sansone , Robin Manhaeve

Natural language processing researchers have identified limitations of evaluation methodology for generation tasks, with new questions raised about the validity of automatic metrics and of crowdworker judgments. Meanwhile, efforts to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-20 Jungo Kasai , Keisuke Sakaguchi , Ronan Le Bras , Lavinia Dunagan , Jacob Morrison , Alexander R. Fabbri , Yejin Choi , Noah A. Smith

We construct examples of finitely generated decidable group presentations that satisfy certain combinations of solvability for the word problem, solvability for the bounded word problem, and computablity for the Dehn function. We prove that…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2013-01-16 Desmond Cummins

Large language models (LLMs) demonstrate the capacity to reconstruct and trace learned content from their training data under specific elicitation conditions, yet this capability does not manifest in standard generation contexts. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Toshiyuki Shigemura

Generating trees are a useful technique in the enumeration of various combinatorial objects, particularly restricted permutations. Quite often the generating tree for the set of permutations avoiding a set of patterns requires infinitely…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Vince Vatter

For a topological dynamical system $(X, T)$ we define a uniform generator as a finite measurable partition such that the symmetric cylinder sets in the generated process shrink in diameter uniformly to zero. The problem of existence and…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2017-05-25 David Burguet , Tomasz Downarowicz

In this paper, we introduce a family of residually finite groups that helps us to systematically study the residual finiteness growth function (RFG) from various perspectives. First, by strengthening results of Bou-Rabee and Seward and also…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2025-08-19 Arman Darbinyan , Emmanuel Rauzy

We continue the research on the generative capacity of contextual grammars where contexts are adjoined around whole words (externally) or around subwords (internally) which belong to special regular selection languages. All languages…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2022-09-01 Jürgen Dassow , Bianca Truthe

Advancements in natural language generation (NLG) and large language models (LLMs) have led to proficient text generation in various tasks. However, integrating intricate constraints into neural text generation, due to LLMs' opacity,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-22 Xiang Chen , Xiaojun Wan