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The Lean mathematical library mathlib is developed by a community of users with very different backgrounds and levels of experience. To lower the barrier of entry for contributors and to lessen the burden of reviewing contributions, we have…
We revisit the symbolic verification of Markov chains with respect to finite horizon reachability properties. The prevalent approach iteratively computes step-bounded state reachability probabilities. By contrast, recent advances in…
Turing progressions have been often used to measure the proof-theoretic strength of mathematical theories. Turing progressions based on $n$-provability give rise to a $\Pi_{n+1}$ proof-theoretic ordinal. As such, to each theory $U$ we can…
Chemical theory can be made more rigorous using the Lean theorem prover, an interactive theorem prover for complex mathematics. We formalize the Langmuir and BET theories of adsorption, making each scientific premise clear and every step of…
Codifying mathematical theories in a proof assistant or computer algebra system is a challenging task, of which the most difficult part is, counterintuitively, structuring definitions. This results in a steep learning curve for new users…
Perfectoid spaces are sophisticated objects in arithmetic geometry introduced by Peter Scholze in 2012. We formalised enough definitions and theorems in topology, algebra and geometry to define perfectoid spaces in the Lean theorem prover.…
There is a long tradition of fruitful interaction between logic and social choice theory. In recent years, much of this interaction has focused on computer-aided methods such as SAT solving and interactive theorem proving. In this paper, we…
The proposed approach is to formalise the probabilistic puzzle in equational FOL. Two formalisations are needed: one theory for all models of the given puzzle, and a second theory for the favorable models. Then Mace4 - that computes all the…
We study a class of Markov chains that model the evolution of a quantum system subject to repeated measurements. Each Markov chain in this class is defined by a measure on the space of matrices. It is then given by a random product of…
Computing the probability of evidence even with known error bounds is NP-hard. In this paper we address this hard problem by settling on an easier problem. We propose an approximation which provides high confidence lower bounds on…
Many product lines are critical, and therefore reliability is a vital part of their requirements. Reliability is a probabilistic property. We therefore propose a model for feature-aware discrete-time Markov chains as a basis for verifying…
Despite the considerable interest in new dependent type theories, simple type theory (which dates from 1940) is sufficient to formalise serious topics in mathematics. This point is seen by examining formal proofs of a theorem about…
We calculate the propagator of a particle caught in a Paul trap and subject to the continuous quantum measurement of its position. The probabilities of the measurement outputs, the possible trajectories of the particle, are also found. This…
A paper on ordinal partitions by Erd\H{o}s and Milner (1972) has been formalised using the proof assistant Isabelle/HOL, augmented with a library for Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory. The work is part of a project on formalising the partition…
We describe a construction process of a relevant measure in any non-empty compact metric space. This probability measure has invariance properties with respect to isometric maps defined on open sets. These properties imply that this measure…
We formalize Pick's theorem for finding the area of a simple polygon whose vertices are integral lattice points. We are inspired by John Harrison's formalization of Pick's theorem in HOL Light, but tailor our proof approach to avoid a…
Despite its prevalence, probabilistic bisimilarity suffers from a lack of robustness under minuscule perturbations of the transition probabilities. This can lead to discontinuities in the probabilistic bisimilarity distance function,…
The ongoing development of Lean 4's Mathlib has produced a macroscopic structural complexity that interweaves logical, mathematical, and infrastructural dependencies. We present a network analysis of this library, extracting its dependency…
For probability measures on a complete separable metric space, we present sufficient conditions for the existence of a solution to the Kantorovich transportation problem. We also obtain sufficient conditions (which sometimes also become…
It is well-known that well-posedness of a martingale problem in the class of continuous (or r.c.l.l.) solutions enables one to construct the associated transition probability functions. We extend this result to the case when the martingale…