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The quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) is a variational quantum algorithm, where a quantum computer implements a variational ansatz consisting of $p$ layers of alternating unitary operators and a classical computer is used to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-07 Stefan H. Sack , Raimel A. Medina , Richard Kueng , Maksym Serbyn

The quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) is designed to determine optimum and near optimum solutions of quadratic (and higher order) unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO or HUBO) problems, which in turn accurately model…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-18 Prashanti Priya Angara , Danylo Lykov , Ulrike Stege , Yuri Alexeev , Hausi Müller

The quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) is a hybrid quantum-classical algorithm that seeks to achieve approximate solutions to optimization problems by iteratively alternating between intervals of controlled quantum evolution.…

Noisy intermediate-scale quantum computers (NISQ computers) are now readily available, motivating many researchers to experiment with Variational Quantum Algorithms (VQAs). Among them, the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA)…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-08-13 Camille Grange , Michael Poss , Eric Bourreau

Present-day, noisy, small or intermediate-scale quantum processors---although far from fault-tolerant---support the execution of heuristic quantum algorithms, which might enable a quantum advantage, for example, when applied to…

The Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) is among leading candidates for achieving quantum advantage on near-term processors. While typically implemented with a transverse-field mixer (XM-QAOA), the Grover-mixer variant…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-01 Evgeniy O. Kiktenko , Elizaveta V. Krendeleva , Aleksey K. Fedorov

The Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) is a promising quantum approach for tackling combinatorial optimization problems. However, hardware constraints such as limited scaling and susceptibility to noise pose significant…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-19 Bao G Bach , Filip B. Maciejewski , Ilya Safro

The optimization of the power consumption of antenna networks is a problem with a potential impact in the field of telecommunications. In this work, we investigate the application of the quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-18 Matteo Vandelli , Alessandra Lignarolo , Carlo Cavazzoni , Daniele Dragoni

Perfect Domination Problem (PDP), a canonical challenge in combinatorial optimization, finds critical applications in real-world systems such as error-correcting codes, wireless communication networks, and social networks. Decades of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-18 Haoqian Pan , Changhong Lu , Yuqing Zheng , Chunxing Yan

We study parameter transferability for the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) across multiple combinatorial optimization problem classes from a parameter generation perspective. Specifically, a meta-optimizer is trained on…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-29 Kien X. Nguyen , Ilya Safro

In this work, we review quantum approaches to combinatorial optimization, with the aim of bridging theoretical developments and industrial relevance. We first survey the main families of quantum algorithms, including Quantum Annealing, the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-20 Hala Hawashin , Deep Nath , Marco Alberto Javarone

The quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) has proved to be an effective classical-quantum algorithm serving multiple purposes, from solving combinatorial optimization problems to finding the ground state of many-body quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-03-08 P. Chandarana , N. N. Hegade , K. Paul , F. Albarrán-Arriagada , E. Solano , A. del Campo , Xi Chen

Maximum cut (Max-Cut) problem is one of the most important combinatorial optimization problems because of its various applications in real life, and recently Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) has been widely employed to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-31 Yiren Lu , Guojing Tian , Xiaoming Sun

The Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) has shown promise in solving combinatorial optimization problems by leveraging quantum computational power. We propose a simple approach, the Two-Step QAOA, which aims to improve the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-25 Yuichiro Minato

We introduce a quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) for continuous optimization. The algorithm is based on the dynamics of a quantum system moving in an energy potential which encodes the objective function. By approximating…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-02-04 Guillaume Verdon , Juan Miguel Arrazola , Kamil Brádler , Nathan Killoran

We study a cost Hamiltonian compilation problem for the quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) applied to the Max-Cut problem, focusing on trapped-ion quantum computers. Instead of standard compilation with CNOT and Rz gates, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-03 Saber Dinpazhouh , Illya V. Hicks

The Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) is suggested as a promising application on early quantum computers. Here, a quantum-inspired classical algorithm, the mean-field Approximate Optimization Algorithm (mean-field AOA), is…

In the era of Noisy Intermediate Scale Quantum (NISQ) computing, available quantum resources are limited. Many NP-hard problems can be efficiently addressed using hybrid classical and quantum computational methods. This paper proposes a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-01 Dongmei Liu , Jian Li , Xiubo Cheng , Shibing Zhang , Yan Chang , Lili Yan

The $p$-stage Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA$_p$) is a promising approach for combinatorial optimization on noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices, but its theoretical behavior is not well understood beyond $p=1$.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-04-21 Kunal Marwaha

The quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) is an appealing proposal to solve NP problems on noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) hardware. Making NISQ implementations of the QAOA resilient to noise requires short ansatz…

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