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For decades, focal non-invasive neuromodulation of deep brain regions has not been possible because of the steep depth-focality trade-off of conventional non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques, such as transcranial magnetic…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2025-12-17 Pierre Vassiliadis , Elena Beanato , Maximilian J. Wessel , Friedhelm C. Hummel

This paper explores advanced electrode modeling in the context of separate and parallel transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) and electroencephalography (EEG) measurements. We focus on boundary condition based approaches that do not…

Medical Physics · Physics 2016-08-22 Britte Agsten , Sven Wagner , Sampsa Pursiainen , Carsten H. Wolters

Transcranial electric stimulation (TES) can modulate intrinsic neural activity in the brain by injecting weak currents through electrodes attached to the scalp. TES has been widely used as a neuroscience tool to investigate how behavioural…

Objective. Personalized transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) has gained growing attention due to the substantial inter-individual variability in brain anatomy and physiology. While previous reviews have discussed the physiological…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2025-11-06 Mo Wang , Kexin Zheng , Yingyue Xin , Xiang Chen , Yiling Liu , Huichun Luo , Jingsheng Tang , Tifei Yuan , Hongkai Wen , Pengfei Wei , Quanying Liu

Purpose: This study investigates the feasibility of transcutaneous interferential spinal cord stimulation (tISCS), a novel non-invasive neuromodulation method, using temporal interference to enhance focality and comfort in spinal cord…

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a technique for noninvasively stimulating a brain area for therapeutic, rehabilitation treatments and neuroscience research. Despite our understanding of the physical principles and experimental…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2020-12-30 Jose Gomez-Tames , Ilkka Laakso , Akimasa Hirata

Electro-stimulation or modulation of deep brain regions is commonly used in clinical procedures for the treatment of several nervous system disorders. In particular, transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is widely used as an…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-04-29 Essam A. Rashed , Jose Gomez-Tames , Akimasa Hirata

The main objective of the electrical stimulation of the brain is to generate action potentials from the application of electromagnetic fields. Among the available techniques, transcranial electrical stimulation (TES) represents a popular…

Medical Physics · Physics 2015-11-09 Carlos G. Tarazona , Carlos E. Guerra , Laura Chávez , Sebastián Andrade

Finite Element Modeling (FEM) has been widely used to model the electric field distribution, to study the interaction between stimulation electrodes and neural tissue. However, due to the insufficient computational capability to represent…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2019-08-22 Jiahui Wang , Hao Wanga , Xin Yuan Thow , Nitish V. Thakor

A major shortcoming of medical practice is the lack of an objective measure of conscious level. Impairment of consciousness is common, e.g. following brain injury and seizures, which can also interfere with sensory processing and volitional…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2025-12-24 Alexis Pomares Pastor , Ines Ribeiro Violante , Gregory Scott

This study evaluated transcranial temporal interference stimulation (tTIS) for focal targeting of the insula and hippocampus, which are clinically relevant yet anatomically difficult to stimulate. Individualized and group-level electrode…

Medical Physics · Physics 2025-10-28 Taiga Inoue , Naofumi Otsuru , Akimasa Hirata

Transcranial direct current stimulation is a non-invasive brain stimulation technique which modifies neural excitability by providing weak currents through scalp electrodes. The aim of this study is to introduce and analyze a novel…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-09-27 Sven Wagner , Martin Burger , Carsten H. Wolters

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a debilitating condition that often results in significant motor and sensory deficits, impacting the quality of life. Current rehabilitation methods, including physical therapy and electrical stimulation, offer…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2024-12-18 Ruidong Cheng , Yuling Shao , Xi Li , Li Zhang , Zehao Sheng , Chenyang Li , Xu Xie , Huilin Mou , Weidong Chen , Shaomin Zhang , Yuchen Xu , Minmin Wang

We propose to fuse two currently separate research lines on novel therapies for stroke rehabilitation: brain-computer interface (BCI) training and transcranial electrical stimulation (TES). Specifically, we show that BCI technology can be…

Background: Spinal cord injury (SCI) rehabilitation remains a major clinical challenge, with limited treatment options for functional recovery. Temporal interference (TI) electrical stimulation has emerged as a promising non-invasive…

Medical Physics · Physics 2025-03-07 Xu Xie , Yuchen Xu , Huilin Mou , Xi Li , Li Zhang , Zehao Sheng , Weidong Chen , Shaomin Zhang , Ruidong Cheng , Minmin Wang

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a popular method for the noninvasive stimulation of neurons in the brain. It has become a standard instrument in experimental brain research and is approved for a range of diagnostic and…

Medical Physics · Physics 2023-12-27 Max Koehler , Stefan Goetz

Transcranial Electrical Stimulation (TCES) and Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) are two different applications of electrical current to the brain used in different areas of medicine. Both have a similar frequency dependence of their efficiency,…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2019-07-15 Markus Schütt , Jens Christian Claussen

We develop a boundary integral equation-based numerical method to solve for the electrostatic potential in two dimensions, inside a medium with piecewise constant conductivity, where the boundary condition is given by the complete electrode…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-03-28 Teemu Tyni , Adam R Stinchcombe , Spyros Alexakis

Transcranial Electrical Stimulation (tES) is a neuromodulation technique that utilizes electrodes on the scalp to stimulate target brain regions. tES has shown promise in treating many neurological conditions, such as stroke rehabilitation…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-02-04 Chaitanya Goswami , Pulkit Grover

Non-invasive brain stimulation, such as transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) provides a powerful tool to directly modulate brain oscillations that mediate complex cognitive processes. While the body of evidence about the…

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