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As a subjective metric to evaluate the quality of synthesized speech, Mean opinion score~(MOS) usually requires multiple annotators to score the same speech. Such an annotation approach requires a lot of manpower and is also time-consuming.…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Kexin Wang , Yunlong Zhao , Qianqian Dong , Tom Ko , Mingxuan Wang

Estimating the perceived quality of an audio signal is critical for many multimedia and audio processing systems. Providers strive to offer optimal and reliable services in order to increase the user quality of experience (QoE). In this…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-03-19 Anderson R. Avila , Hannes Gamper , Chandan Reddy , Ross Cutler , Ivan Tashev , Johannes Gehrke

Methods for automatically assessing speech quality in real world environments are critical for developing robust human language technologies and assistive devices. Behavioral ratings provided by human raters (e.g., mean opinion scores; MOS)…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-09 Mattson Ogg , Caitlyn Bishop , Han Yi , Sarah Robinson

Assessing the naturalness of speech using mean opinion score (MOS) prediction models has positive implications for the automatic evaluation of speech synthesis systems. Early MOS prediction models took the raw waveform or amplitude spectrum…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Yu-Fei Shi , Yang Ai , Ye-Xin Lu , Hui-Peng Du , Zhen-Hua Ling

Speech quality assessment has been a critical component in many voice communication related applications such as telephony and online conferencing. Traditional intrusive speech quality assessment requires the clean reference of the degraded…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-11-07 Yuchen Liu , Li-Chia Yang , Alex Pawlicki , Marko Stamenovic

Deep noise suppressors (DNS) have become an attractive solution to remove background noise, reverberation, and distortions from speech and are widely used in telephony/voice applications. They are also occasionally prone to introducing…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-04-15 Abu Zaher Md Faridee , Hannes Gamper

In online conferencing applications, estimating the perceived quality of an audio signal is crucial to ensure high quality of experience for the end user. The most reliable way to assess the quality of a speech signal is through human…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-08-24 Bastiaan Tamm , Rik Vandenberghe , Hugo Van hamme

We aim to characterize how different speakers contribute to the perceived output quality of multi-speaker Text-to-Speech (TTS) synthesis. We automatically rate the quality of TTS using a neural network (NN) trained on human mean opinion…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-28 Jennifer Williams , Joanna Rownicka , Pilar Oplustil , Simon King

In this study, we propose a cross-domain multi-objective speech assessment model called MOSA-Net, which can estimate multiple speech assessment metrics simultaneously. Experimental results show that MOSA-Net can improve the linear…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-12-20 Ryandhimas E. Zezario , Szu-Wei Fu , Fei Chen , Chiou-Shann Fuh , Hsin-Min Wang , Yu Tsao

Designing a speech quality assessment (SQA) system for estimating mean-opinion-score (MOS) of multi-rate speech with varying sampling frequency (16-48 kHz) is a challenging task. The challenge arises due to the limited availability of a…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-17 Fengyuan Cao , Xinyu Liang , Fredrik Cumlin , Victor Ungureanu , Chandan K. A. Reddy , Christian Schuldt , Saikat Chatterjee

Speech quality assessment has been a critical issue in speech processing for decades. Existing automatic evaluations usually require clean references or parallel ground truth data, which is infeasible when the amount of data soars.…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-09-21 Wei-Cheng Tseng , Chien-yu Huang , Wei-Tsung Kao , Yist Y. Lin , Hung-yi Lee

The ground truth used for training image, video, or speech quality prediction models is based on the Mean Opinion Scores (MOS) obtained from subjective experiments. Usually, it is necessary to conduct multiple experiments, mostly with…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-12-15 Gabriel Mittag , Saman Zadtootaghaj , Thilo Michael , Babak Naderi , Sebastian Möller

Self-supervised learning (SSL) models like Wav2Vec2, HuBERT, and WavLM have been widely used in speech processing. These transformer-based models consist of multiple layers, each capturing different levels of representation. While prior…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-13 Xinyu Liang , Fredrik Cumlin , Victor Ungureanu , Chandan K. A. Reddy , Christian Schuldt , Saikat Chatterjee

Current state-of-the-art methods for automatic synthetic speech evaluation are based on MOS prediction neural models. Such MOS prediction models include MOSNet and LDNet that use spectral features as input, and SSL-MOS that relies on a…

Objective speech quality models aim to predict human-perceived speech quality using automated methods. However, cross-lingual generalization remains a major challenge, as Mean Opinion Scores (MOS) vary across languages due to linguistic,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Wafaa Wardah , Tuğçe Melike Koçak Büyüktaş , Kirill Shchegelskiy , Sebastian Möller , Robert P. Spang

Research in modeling subjective metrics for quality assessment has led to the development of no-reference speech models that directly operate on utterance waveforms to predict the Mean Opinion Score (MOS). These models often rely on…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-29 Imran E Kibria , Donald S. Williamson

While deep learning has made impressive progress in speech synthesis and voice conversion, the assessment of the synthesized speech is still carried out by human participants. Several recent papers have proposed deep-learning-based…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-11-10 Yeunju Choi , Youngmoon Jung , Hoirin Kim

The objective speech quality assessment is usually conducted by comparing received speech signal with its clean reference, while human beings are capable of evaluating the speech quality without any reference, such as in the mean opinion…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-04-06 Meng Yu , Chunlei Zhang , Yong Xu , Shixiong Zhang , Dong Yu

Automatic speech quality assessment has become increasingly important as modern speech generation systems continue to advance, while human listening tests remain costly, time-consuming, and difficult to scale. Most existing learning-based…

The acoustic environment can degrade speech quality during communication (e.g., video call, remote presentation, outside voice recording), and its impact is often unknown. Objective metrics for speech quality have proven challenging to…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-06-30 Karl El Hajal , Milos Cernak , Pablo Mainar