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Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) remain vulnerable to transfer-based targeted attacks, where perturbations optimized on open-source surrogate encoders can generalize to closed-source MLLMs. A key challenge for improving adversarial…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Leitao Yuan , Qinghua Mao , Daizong Liu , Kun Wang , Wenjie Wang , Yan Teng , Jing Shao , Dongrui Liu

Neural networks have become pervasive across various applications, including security-related products. However, their widespread adoption has heightened concerns regarding vulnerability to adversarial attacks. With emerging regulations and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Disesdi Susanna Cox , Niklas Bunzel

Transferable adversarial attacks pose significant threats to deep neural networks, particularly in black-box scenarios where internal model information is inaccessible. Studying adversarial attack methods helps advance the performance of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-09-23 Zhibo Jin , Jiayu Zhang , Zhiyu Zhu , Chenyu Zhang , Jiahao Huang , Jianlong Zhou , Fang Chen

Transfer attacks generate significant interest for real-world black-box applications by crafting transferable adversarial examples through surrogate models. Whereas, existing works essentially directly optimize the single-level objective…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Yaohua Liu , Jiaxin Gao , Xuan Liu , Xianghao Jiao , Xin Fan , Risheng Liu

Neural code models have been increasingly incorporated into software development processes. However, their susceptibility to backdoor attacks presents a significant security risk. The state-of-the-art understanding focuses on…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Junyao Ye , Zhen Li , Xi Tang , Shouhuai Xu , Deqing Zou , Zhongsheng Yuan

Deep neural networks are vulnerable to adversarial examples that mislead the models with imperceptible perturbations. Though adversarial attacks have achieved incredible success rates in the white-box setting, most existing adversaries…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-08-16 Xiaosen Wang , Kun He

The black-box adversarial attack has attracted impressive attention for its practical use in the field of deep learning security. Meanwhile, it is very challenging as there is no access to the network architecture or internal weights of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-26 Yifeng Xiong , Jiadong Lin , Min Zhang , John E. Hopcroft , Kun He

Black-box adversarial attacks have demonstrated strong potential to compromise machine learning models by iteratively querying the target model or leveraging transferability from a local surrogate model. Recently, such attacks can be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-09 Hanbin Hong , Xinyu Zhang , Binghui Wang , Zhongjie Ba , Yuan Hong

Though deep neural networks perform challenging tasks excellently, they are susceptible to adversarial examples, which mislead classifiers by applying human-imperceptible perturbations on clean inputs. Under the query-free black-box…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-05 Zifei Zhang , Kai Qiao , Jian Chen , Ningning Liang

Adversarial transferability enables black-box attacks on unknown victim deep neural networks (DNNs), rendering attacks viable in real-world scenarios. Current transferable attacks create adversarial perturbation over the entire image,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Shangbo Wu , Yu-an Tan , Yajie Wang , Ruinan Ma , Wencong Ma , Yuanzhang Li

Given the extensive research and real-world applications of automatic speech recognition (ASR), ensuring the robustness of ASR models against minor input perturbations becomes a crucial consideration for maintaining their effectiveness in…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-11-15 Xiaoxue Gao , Zexin Li , Yiming Chen , Cong Liu , Haizhou Li

Most state-of-the-art machine learning (ML) classification systems are vulnerable to adversarial perturbations. As a consequence, adversarial robustness poses a significant challenge for the deployment of ML-based systems in safety- and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-18 Felix Assion , Peter Schlicht , Florens Greßner , Wiebke Günther , Fabian Hüger , Nico Schmidt , Umair Rasheed

Heterogeneous Graph Neural Networks (HGNNs) are increasingly recognized for their performance in areas like the web and e-commerce, where resilience against adversarial attacks is crucial. However, existing adversarial attack methods, which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-19 He Zhao , Zhiwei Zeng , Yongwei Wang , Deheng Ye , Chunyan Miao

Transferability, the ability of adversarial examples crafted for one model to deceive other models, is crucial for black-box attacks. Despite advancements in attack methods for semantic segmentation, transferability remains limited,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Eun-Sol Park , MiSo Park , Seung Park , Yong-Goo Shin

Traditional adversarial attacks concentrate on manipulating clean examples in the pixel space by adding adversarial perturbations. By contrast, semantic adversarial attacks focus on changing semantic attributes of clean examples, such as…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-15 Chenan Wang , Jinhao Duan , Chaowei Xiao , Edward Kim , Matthew Stamm , Kaidi Xu

Adversarial prompts generated using gradient-based methods exhibit outstanding performance in performing automatic jailbreak attacks against safety-aligned LLMs. Nevertheless, due to the discrete nature of texts, the input gradient of LLMs…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-04 Qizhang Li , Yiwen Guo , Wangmeng Zuo , Hao Chen

Adversarial transferability in black-box scenarios presents a unique challenge: while attackers can employ surrogate models to craft adversarial examples, they lack assurance on whether these examples will successfully compromise the target…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-19 Mosh Levy , Guy Amit , Yuval Elovici , Yisroel Mirsky

With the growing deployment of sequential recommender systems in e-commerce and other fields, their black-box interfaces raise security concerns: models are vulnerable to extraction and subsequent adversarial manipulation. Existing…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Hongyue Zhang , Mingming Li , Dongqin Liu , Hui Wang , Yaning Zhang , Xi Zhou , Honglei Lv , Jiao Dai , Jizhong Han

Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) systems have demonstrated remarkable performance across various applications. However, limited data and the unique language features of specific domains, such as low-resource languages, significantly…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-22 Amin Robatian , Mohammad Hajipour , Mohammad Reza Peyghan , Fatemeh Rajabi , Sajjad Amini , Shahrokh Ghaemmaghami , Iman Gholampour

Unified Multimodal understanding and generation Models (UMMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in both understanding and generation tasks. However, we identify a vulnerability arising from the generation-understanding coupling in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Shaoxiong Guo , Tianyi Du , Lijun Li , Yuyao Wu , Jie Li , Jing Shao