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The globalization of the Integrated Circuit (IC) supply chain has moved most of the design, fabrication, and testing process from a single trusted entity to various untrusted third-party entities around the world. The risk of using…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-04-26 Rozhin Yasaei , Luke Chen , Shih-Yuan Yu , Mohammad Abdullah Al Faruque

In the evolving landscape of integrated circuit design, detecting Hardware Trojans (HTs) within a multi entity based design cycle presents significant challenges. This research proposes an innovative machine learning-based methodology for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Anindita Chattopadhyay , Siddharth Bisariya , Vijay Kumar Sutrakar

The participation of third-party entities in the globalized semiconductor supply chain introduces potential security vulnerabilities, such as intellectual property piracy and hardware Trojan (HT) insertion. Graph neural networks (GNNs) have…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-03-30 Lilas Alrahis , Ozgur Sinanoglu

In the fourth industrial revolution, securing the protection of the supply chain has become an ever-growing concern. One such cyber threat is a hardware Trojan (HT), a malicious modification to an IC. HTs are often identified in the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-03-17 Kento Hasegawa , Kazuki Yamashita , Seira Hidano , Kazuhide Fukushima , Kazuo Hashimoto , Nozomu Togawa

Industrial Systems-on-Chips (SoCs) often comprise hundreds of thousands to millions of nets and millions to tens of millions of connectivity edges, making empirical evaluation of hardware-Trojan (HT) detectors on realistic designs both…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Yaroslav Popryho , Debjit Pal , Inna Partin-Vaisband

There are increasing concerns about possible malicious modifications of integrated circuits (ICs) used in critical applications. Such attacks are often referred to as hardware Trojans. While many techniques focus on hardware Trojan…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2016-11-18 Tony F. Wu , Karthik Ganesan , Yunqing Alexander Hu , H. -S. Philip Wong , Simon Wong , Subhasish Mitra

Hardware Trojans (HT s) are a persistent threat to integrated circuits, especially when inserted at the register-transfer level (RTL). Existing methods typically first convert the design into a graph, such as a gate-level netlist or an…

As the semiconductor industry has shifted to a fabless paradigm, the risk of hardware Trojans being inserted at various stages of production has also increased. Recently, there has been a growing trend toward the use of machine learning…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-12-04 Rahul Vishwakarma , Amin Rezaei

The risk of hardware Trojans being inserted at various stages of chip production has increased in a zero-trust fabless era. To counter this, various machine learning solutions have been developed for the detection of hardware Trojans. While…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-01-24 Rahul Vishwakarma , Amin Rezaei

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have attracted increasing attention due to their superior performance in deep learning on graph-structured data. GNNs have succeeded across various domains such as social networks, chemistry, and electronic…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-08-19 Lilas Alrahis , Satwik Patnaik , Muhammad Shafique , Ozgur Sinanoglu

The recent surge in hardware security is significant due to offshoring the proprietary Intellectual property (IP). One distinct dimension of the disruptive threat is malicious logic insertion, also known as Hardware Trojan (HT). HT subverts…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-12-24 Sheikh Ariful Islam , Farha Islam Mime , S M Asaduzzaman , Farzana Islam

A potential vulnerability for integrated circuits (ICs) is the insertion of hardware trojans (HTs) during manufacturing. Understanding the practicability of such an attack can lead to appropriate measures for mitigating it. In this paper,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-08-22 Alexander Hepp , Tiago Perez , Samuel Pagliarini , Georg Sigl

The globalization of the Integrated Circuit (IC) supply chain has moved most of the design, fabrication, and testing process from a single trusted entity to various untrusted third-party entities worldwide. The risk of using untrusted…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-07-15 Rozhin Yasaei , Sina Faezi , Mohammad Abdullah Al Faruque

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have shown great success in detecting intellectual property (IP) piracy and hardware Trojans (HTs). However, the machine learning community has demonstrated that GNNs are susceptible to data poisoning attacks,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-03-27 Lilas Alrahis , Satwik Patnaik , Muhammad Abdullah Hanif , Muhammad Shafique , Ozgur Sinanoglu

Hardware Trojans (HTs) have become a serious problem, and extermination of them is strongly required for enhancing the security and safety of integrated circuits. An effective solution is to identify HTs at the gate level via machine…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-05-30 Kento Hasegawa , Seira Hidano , Kohei Nozawa , Shinsaku Kiyomoto , Nozomu Togawa

Semiconductor design houses are increasingly becoming dependent on third party vendors to procure intellectual property (IP) and meet time-to-market constraints. However, these third party IPs cannot be trusted as hardware Trojans can be…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-03-13 Adib Nahiyan , Mehdi Sadi , Rahul Vittal , Gustavo Contreras , Domenic Forte , Mark Tehranipoor

Stealthy hardware Trojans (HTs) inserted during the fabrication of integrated circuits can bypass the security of critical infrastructures. Although researchers have proposed many techniques to detect HTs, several limitations exist,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-08-30 Vasudev Gohil , Hao Guo , Satwik Patnaik , Jeyavijayan , Rajendran

Traditionally, inserting realistic Hardware Trojans (HTs) into complex hardware systems has been a time-consuming and manual process, requiring comprehensive knowledge of the design and navigating intricate Hardware Description Language…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-05 Md Omar Faruque , Peter Jamieson , Ahmad Patooghy , Abdel-Hameed A. Badawy

Hardware Trojan detection and protection is becoming more crucial as more untrusted third parties manufacture many parts of critical systems nowadays. The most common way to detect hardware Trojans is comparing the untrusted design with a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-11-06 Amr Alanwar , Mona A. Aboelnaga , Yousra Alkabani , M. Watheq El-Kharashi , Hassan Bedour

Hardware Trojans (HTs) remain a critical threat because learning-based detectors often overfit to narrow trigger/payload patterns and small, stylized benchmarks. We introduce TrojanGYM, an agentic, LLM-driven framework that automatically…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Saideep Sreekumar , Zeng Wang , Akashdeep Saha , Weihua Xiao , Minghao Shao , Muhammad Shafique , Ozgur Sinanoglu , Ramesh Karri , Johann Knechtel
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