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In this paper, we explore the potential of Large Language Models (LLMs) Agents in playing the strategic social deduction game, Resistance Avalon. Players in Avalon are challenged not only to make informed decisions based on dynamically…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-11-09 Jonathan Light , Min Cai , Sheng Shen , Ziniu Hu

Deception and persuasion play a critical role in long-horizon dialogues between multiple parties, especially when the interests, goals, and motivations of the participants are not aligned. Such complex tasks pose challenges for current…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-13 Simon Stepputtis , Joseph Campbell , Yaqi Xie , Zhengyang Qi , Wenxin Sharon Zhang , Ruiyi Wang , Sanketh Rangreji , Michael Lewis , Katia Sycara

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used as agents that interact with users and with the world. To do so successfully, LLMs must construct representations of the world and form probabilistic beliefs about them. To provide…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Linlu Qiu , Fei Sha , Kelsey Allen , Yoon Kim , Tal Linzen , Sjoerd van Steenkiste

Recent breakthroughs in large language models (LLMs) have brought remarkable success in the field of LLM-as-Agent. Nevertheless, a prevalent assumption is that the information processed by LLMs is consistently honest, neglecting the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-25 Shenzhi Wang , Chang Liu , Zilong Zheng , Siyuan Qi , Shuo Chen , Qisen Yang , Andrew Zhao , Chaofei Wang , Shiji Song , Gao Huang

Research in AI using Large-Language Models (LLMs) is rapidly evolving, and the comparison of their performance with human reasoning has become a key concern. Prior studies have indicated that LLMs and humans share similar biases, such as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Hirohiko Abe , Risako Ando , Takanobu Morishita Kentaro Ozeki , Koji Mineshima , Mitsuhiro Okada

Large language models (LLMs) can exhibit biases in reasoning capabilities due to linguistic modality, performing better on tasks in one language versus another, even with similar content. Most previous works evaluate this through reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-17 César Guerra-Solano , Zhuochun Li , Xiang Lorraine Li

The proliferation of large language models (LLMs) and autonomous AI agents has raised concerns about their potential for automated persuasion and social influence. While existing research has explored isolated instances of LLM-based…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Mateusz Idziejczak , Vasyl Korzavatykh , Mateusz Stawicki , Andrii Chmutov , Marcin Korcz , Iwo Błądek , Dariusz Brzezinski

Large Language Model (LLM) agents are increasingly used in many applications, raising concerns about their safety. While previous work has shown that LLMs can deceive in controlled tasks, less is known about their ability to deceive using…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Christopher Kao , Vanshika Vats , James Davis

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly applied to domains that require reasoning about other agents' behavior, such as negotiation, policy design, and market simulation, yet existing research has mostly evaluated their adherence to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Enric Junque de Fortuny , Veronica Roberta Cappelli

Quantifying the deceptive potential of Large Language Models (LLMs) is critical for AI safety, yet difficult to achieve in uncontrolled environments. This work investigates the reasoning, persuasion, and deceptive capabilities of LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Niklas Bauer

The growing popularity of social deduction games has created an increasing need for intelligent frameworks where humans can collaborate with AI agents, particularly in post-pandemic contexts with heightened psychological and social…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Qihui Fan , Wenbo Li , Enfu Nan , Yixiao Chen , Lei Lu , Pu Zhao , Yanzhi Wang

Human cognition excels at transcending sensory input and forming latent representations that structure our understanding of the world. While Large Language Model (LLM) agents demonstrate emergent reasoning and decision-making abilities,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Hengguan Huang , Xing Shen , Songtao Wang , Lingfa Meng , Dianbo Liu , David Alejandro Duchene , Hao Wang , Samir Bhatt

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate strong few-shot generalization through in-context learning, yet their reasoning in dynamic and stochastic environments remains opaque. Prior studies mainly focus on static tasks and overlook the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Jensen Zhang , Jing Yang , Keze Wang

Communicating in natural language is a powerful tool in multi-agent settings, as it enables independent agents to share information in partially observable settings and allows zero-shot coordination with humans. However, most prior works…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Bidipta Sarkar , Warren Xia , C. Karen Liu , Dorsa Sadigh

While large language models (LLMs) have been thoroughly evaluated for deductive and inductive reasoning, their proficiency in holistic rule learning in interactive environments remains less explored. We introduce RULEARN, a novel benchmark…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Kaiyu He , Mian Zhang , Shuo Yan , Peilin Wu , Zhiyu Zoey Chen

Social deduction games like Werewolf combine language, reasoning, and strategy, providing a testbed for studying natural language and social intelligence. However, most studies reduce the game to LLM-based self-play, yielding templated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Zirui Song , Yuan Huang , Junchang Liu , Haozhe Luo , Chenxi Wang , Lang Gao , Zixiang Xu , Mingfei Han , Xiaojun Chang , Xiuying Chen

Drawing on constructs from psychology, prior work has identified a distinction between explicit and implicit bias in large language models (LLMs). While many LLMs undergo post-training alignment and safety procedures to avoid expressions of…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Molly Apsel , Michael N. Jones

This paper explores the open research problem of understanding the social behaviors of LLM-based agents. Using Avalon as a testbed, we employ system prompts to guide LLM agents in gameplay. While previous studies have touched on gameplay…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Yihuai Lan , Zhiqiang Hu , Lei Wang , Yang Wang , Deheng Ye , Peilin Zhao , Ee-Peng Lim , Hui Xiong , Hao Wang

Strategic social deduction games serve as valuable testbeds for evaluating the understanding and inference skills of language models, offering crucial insights into social science, artificial intelligence, and strategic gaming. This paper…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-25 Yizhou Chi , Lingjun Mao , Zineng Tang

Large Language Models (LLMs) and Vision Language Models (VLMs) possess extensive knowledge and exhibit promising reasoning abilities, however, they still struggle to perform well in complex, dynamic environments. Real-world tasks require…

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