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First introduced to describe surfaces embedded in $\mathbb{R}^3$, the Willmore invariant is a conformally-invariant extrinsic scalar curvature of a surface that vanishes when the surface minimizes bending and stretching. Both this invariant…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2022-01-25 Samuel Blitz

We develop a bubble tree construction and prove compactness results for $W^{2,2}$ branched conformal immersions of closed Riemann surfaces, with varying conformal structures whose limit may degenerate, in a compact Riemannian manifold with…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2011-12-09 Jingyi Chen , Yuxiang Li

A Willmore surface $y:M\rightarrow S^{n+2}$ has a natural harmonic oriented conformal Gauss map $Gr_y:M\rightarrow SO^{+}(1,n+3)/SO(1,3)\times SO(n)$, which maps each point $p\in M$ to its oriented mean curvature 2-sphere at $p$. An easy…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2019-01-25 Josef F. Dorfmeister , Peng Wang

In a recent paper the author introduced a new method based on viscosity techniques for producing minimal surfaces by minmax arguments. The present work corresponds to the regularity part of the method. Precisely we establish that any weakly…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2017-05-29 Tristan Rivière

Willmore surfaces are the extremals of the Willmore functional (possibly under a constraint on the conformal structure). With the characterization of Willmore surfaces by the (possibly perturbed) harmonicity of the mean curvature sphere…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2019-04-01 A. C. Quintino

We represent minimal upper gradients of Newtonian functions, in the range $1\le p<\infty$, by maximal directional derivatives along "generic" curves passing through a given point, using plan-modulus duality and disintegration techniques. As…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2024-03-13 Sylvester Eriksson-Bique , Elefterios Soultanis

For conformal geometries of Riemannian signature, we provide a comprehensive and explicit treatment of the core local theory for embedded submanifolds of arbitrary dimension. This is based in the conformal tractor calculus and includes a…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2025-04-16 Sean. N Curry , A. Rod Gover , Daniel Snell

An explicit lower bound for the mass of an asymptotically flat Riemannian 3-manifold is given in terms of linear growth harmonic functions and scalar curvature. As a consequence, a new proof of the positive mass theorem is achieved in…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2019-11-18 Hubert L. Bray , Demetre P. Kazaras , Marcus A. Khuri , Daniel L. Stern

In this paper we establish quaternionic and octonionic analogs of the classical Riemann surfaces. The construction of these manifolds has nice peculiarities and the scrutiny of Bernhard Riemann approach to Riemann surfaces, mainly based on…

Complex Variables · Mathematics 2024-03-12 Graziano Gentili , Jasna Prezelj , Fabio Vlacci

Conformal harmonic maps from a 4-dimensional conformal manifold to a Riemannian manifold are maps satisfying a certain conformally invariant fourth order equation. We prove a general existence result for conformal harmonic maps, analogous…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2011-12-30 Olivier Biquard , Farid Madani

The purpose of this note is twofold. First we show that, for weakly differentiable maps between Riemannian manifolds of any dimension, a smallness condition on a Morrey-norm of the gradient is sufficient to guarantee that the pulled-back…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2025-02-26 Luigi Appolloni , Ben Sharp

We extend the well-known Denjoy-Ahlfors theorem on the number of different asymptotic tracts of holomorphic functions to subharmonic functions on arbitrary Riemannian manifolds. We obtain some new versions of the Liouville theorem for…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2018-04-20 Vladimir M. Miklyukov , Vladimir G. Tkachev

We introduce a family of variational functionals for spinor fields on a compact Riemann surface $M$ that can be used to find close-to-conformal immersions of $M$ into $\mathbb{R}^3$ in a prescribed regular homotopy class. Numerical…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2019-01-29 Albert Chern , Felix Knöppel , Franz Pedit , Ulrich Pinkall , Peter Schröder

In this paper, we study the differential inclusion associated to the minimal surface system for two-dimensional graphs in $\mathbb{R}^{2 + n}$. We prove regularity of $W^{1,2}$ solutions and a compactness result for approximate solutions of…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2020-03-18 Riccardo Tione

In Part I, we develop the notions of a Moebius structure and a conformal Cartan geometry, establish an equivalence between them; we use them in Part II to study submanifolds of conformal manifolds in arbitrary dimension and codimension. We…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2010-06-30 Francis E. Burstall , David M. J. Calderbank

In this paper, close surfaces are considered in 3-dimensional harmonic conformally flat space in point of the variation. It is shown that if the conformal vector field be tangent to surface and the sign of the mean curvature does not change…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2021-08-16 Najma mosadegh , Esmaiel Abedi

Let $H^4$ denote the hyperbolic four-space. Given a bordered Riemann surface, $M$, we prove that every smooth conformal superminimal immersion $\overline M\to H^4$ can be approximated uniformly on compacts in $M$ by proper conformal…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2023-06-26 Franc Forstneric

Minimal surfaces play a fundamental role in differential geometry, with applications spanning physics, material science, and geometric design. In this paper, we explore a novel quaternionic representation of minimal surfaces, drawing an…

Complex Variables · Mathematics 2026-02-05 Amedeo Altavilla , Hans-Peter Schröcker , Zbyněk Šír , Jan Vršek

We describe some general constructions on a real smooth projective 4-quadric which provide analogues of the Willmore functional and conformal Gauss map in both Lie sphere and projective differential geometry. Extrema of these functionals…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2007-05-23 F. E. Burstall , U. Hertrich-Jeromin

We introduce a smooth quadratic conformal functional and its weighted version $$W_2=\sum_e \beta^2(e)\quad W_{2,w}=\sum_e (n_i+n_j)\beta^2(e),$$ where $\beta(e)$ is the extrinsic intersection angle of the circumcircles of the triangles of…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2017-08-25 Alexander I. Bobenko , Martin P. Weidner