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Contextual bandit algorithms provide principled online learning solutions to balance the exploitation-exploration trade-off in various applications such as recommender systems. However, the learning speed of the traditional contextual…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-28 Xiaoying Zhang , Hong Xie , Hang Li , John C. S. Lui

Contextual bandits are widely used in industrial personalization systems. These online learning frameworks learn a treatment assignment policy in the presence of treatment effects that vary with the observed contextual features of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-11 Claudia Roberts , Maria Dimakopoulou , Qifeng Qiao , Ashok Chandrashekhar , Tony Jebara

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel at in-context learning (ICL), a supervised learning technique that relies on adding annotated examples to the model context. We investigate a contextual bandit version of in-context reinforcement learning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Giovanni Monea , Antoine Bosselut , Kianté Brantley , Yoav Artzi

Contextual Bandits is one of the widely popular techniques used in applications such as personalization, recommendation systems, mobile health, causal marketing etc . As a dynamic approach, it can be more efficient than standard A/B testing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-03 Praneet Dutta , Joe Cheuk , Jonathan S Kim , Massimo Mascaro

In this paper, we propose and study opportunistic contextual bandits - a special case of contextual bandits where the exploration cost varies under different environmental conditions, such as network load or return variation in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-29 Xueying Guo , Xiaoxiao Wang , Xin Liu

We consider a sequential assortment selection problem where the user choice is given by a multinomial logit (MNL) choice model whose parameters are unknown. In each period, the learning agent observes a $d$-dimensional contextual…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-03-26 Min-hwan Oh , Garud Iyengar

Efficient use of large language models (LLMs) is critical for deployment at scale: without adaptive routing, systems either overpay for strong models or risk poor performance from weaker ones. Selecting the right LLM for each query is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Wang Wei , Tiankai Yang , Hongjie Chen , Yue Zhao , Franck Dernoncourt , Ryan A. Rossi , Hoda Eldardiry

Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit potential artificial generic intelligence recently, however, their usage is costly with high response latency. Given mixed LLMs with their own strengths and weaknesses, LLM routing aims to identify the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Xinyuan Wang , Yanchi Liu , Wei Cheng , Xujiang Zhao , Zhengzhang Chen , Wenchao Yu , Yanjie Fu , Haifeng Chen

Classic contextual bandit algorithms for linear models, such as LinUCB, assume that the reward distribution for an arm is modeled by a stationary linear regression. When the linear regression model is non-stationary over time, the regret of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-02-14 Qin Ding , Cho-Jui Hsieh , James Sharpnack

We consider the linear contextual multi-class multi-period packing problem (LMMP) where the goal is to pack items such that the total vector of consumption is below a given budget vector and the total value is as large as possible. We…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-06-02 Wonyoung Kim , Garud Iyengar , Assaf Zeevi

Personalized recommendations for new users, also known as the cold-start problem, can be formulated as a contextual bandit problem. Existing contextual bandit algorithms generally rely on features alone to capture user variability. Such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-04-25 Li Zhou , Emma Brunskill

Conversational contextual bandits elicit user preferences by occasionally querying for explicit feedback on key-terms to accelerate learning. However, there are aspects of existing approaches which limit their performance. First,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Zhiyong Wang , Xutong Liu , Shuai Li , John C. S. Lui

Prompt-based offline methods are commonly used to optimize large language model (LLM) responses, but evaluating these responses is computationally intensive and often fails to accommodate diverse response styles. This study introduces a…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Xiangxiang Dai , Yuejin Xie , Maoli Liu , Xuchuang Wang , Zhuohua Li , Huanyu Wang , John C. S. Lui

Contextual bandits serve as a fundamental model for many sequential decision making tasks. The most popular theoretically justified approaches are based on the optimism principle. While these algorithms can be practical, they are known to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-17 Botao Hao , Tor Lattimore , Csaba Szepesvari

Linear contextual bandit is a popular online learning problem. It has been mostly studied in centralized learning settings. With the surging demand of large-scale decentralized model learning, e.g., federated learning, how to retain regret…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-05 Chuanhao Li , Hongning Wang

The rise of large-scale pretrained models has made it feasible to generate predictive or synthetic features at low cost, raising the question of how to incorporate such surrogate predictions into downstream decision-making. We study this…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-04-03 Hao Yan , Heyan Zhang , Yongyi Guo

In many modern applications, a system must dynamically choose between several adaptive learning algorithms that are trained online. Examples include model selection in streaming environments, switching between trading strategies in finance,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Ilgam Latypov , Alexandra Suvorikova , Alexey Kroshnin , Alexander Gasnikov , Yuriy Dorn

The contextual multi-armed bandit (MAB) is a widely used framework for problems requiring sequential decision-making under uncertainty, such as recommendation systems. In applications involving a large number of users, the performance of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Zhiyong Wang , Jiahang Sun , Mingze Kong , Jize Xie , Qinghua Hu , John C. S. Lui , Zhongxiang Dai

Contextual bandits with linear payoffs, which are also known as linear bandits, provide a powerful alternative for solving practical problems of sequential decisions, e.g., online advertisements. In the era of big data, contextual data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-03-21 Xiaotian Yu

Recently, there have been significant research interests in training large language models (LLMs) with reinforcement learning (RL) on real-world tasks, such as multi-turn code generation. While online RL tends to perform better than offline…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Ziru Chen , Dongdong Chen , Ruinan Jin , Yingbin Liang , Yujia Xie , Huan Sun