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Superoptimization is the task of transforming a program into a faster one while preserving its input-output behavior. In this work, we investigate whether large language models (LLMs) can serve as superoptimizers, generating assembly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Anjiang Wei , Tarun Suresh , Huanmi Tan , Yinglun Xu , Gagandeep Singh , Ke Wang , Alex Aiken

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional coding capability. However, as another critical component of programming proficiency, the debugging capability of LLMs remains relatively unexplored. Previous evaluations of LLMs'…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Runchu Tian , Yining Ye , Yujia Qin , Xin Cong , Yankai Lin , Yinxu Pan , Yesai Wu , Haotian Hui , Weichuan Liu , Zhiyuan Liu , Maosong Sun

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated significant potential in automated software security, particularly in vulnerability detection. However, existing benchmarks primarily focus on isolated, single-vulnerability samples or…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Chinmay Pushkar , Sanchit Kabra , Dhruv Kumar , Jagat Sesh Challa

Despite much recent interest in compiler randomized testing (fuzzing), the practical impact of fuzzer-found compiler bugs on real-world applications has barely been assessed. We present the first quantitative and qualitative study of the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-09-06 Michaël Marcozzi , Qiyi Tang , Alastair F. Donaldson , Cristian Cadar

Failure-inducing inputs play a crucial role in diagnosing and analyzing software bugs. Bug reports typically contain these inputs, which developers extract to facilitate debugging. Since bug reports are written in natural language, prior…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Alif Al Hasan , Subarna Saha , Mia Mohammad Imran , Tarannum Shaila Zaman

Large language models (LLMs) have the potential to revolutionize how we design and implement compilers and code translation tools. However, existing LLMs struggle to handle long and complex programs. We introduce LEGO-Compiler, a novel…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Shuoming Zhang , Jiacheng Zhao , Chunwei Xia , Zheng Wang , Yunji Chen , Xiaobing Feng , Huimin Cui

Large language models of code (Code-LLMs) have recently brought tremendous advances to code completion, a fundamental feature of programming assistance and code intelligence. However, most existing works ignore the possible presence of bugs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-04 Tuan Dinh , Jinman Zhao , Samson Tan , Renato Negrinho , Leonard Lausen , Sheng Zha , George Karypis

Compilers constitute the foundational root-of-trust in software supply chains; however, their immense complexity inevitably conceals critical defects. Recent research has attempted to leverage historical bugs to design new mutation…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Xingbang He , Yuanwei Chen , Hao Wu , Jikang Zhang , Zicheng Wang , Ligeng Chen , Junjie Peng , Haiyang Wei , Yi Qian , Tiantai Zhang , Linzhang Wang , Bing Mao

In recent years, end-to-end Large Language Model (LLM) technology has shown substantial advantages across various domains. As critical system software and infrastructure, compilers are responsible for transforming source code into target…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Hongbin Zhang , Shihao Gao , Yang Liu , Mingjie Xing , Yanjun Wu , Chen Zhao

Due to the impressive code comprehension ability of Large Language Models (LLMs), a few studies have proposed to leverage LLMs to locate bugs, i.e., LLM-based FL, and demonstrated promising performance. However, first, these methods are…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Chuyang Xu , Zhongxin Liu , Xiaoxue Ren , Gehao Zhang , Ming Liang , David Lo

Random testing has proven to be an effective technique for compiler validation. However, the debugging of bugs identified through random testing presents a significant challenge due to the frequent occurrence of duplicate test programs that…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Xintong Zhou , Zhenyang Xu , Yongqiang Tian , Chengnian Sun

The increasing development of LLMs in code generation has drawn significant attention among researchers. To enhance LLM-based code generation ability, current efforts are predominantly directed towards collecting high-quality datasets and…

Fault Localization (FL) aims to automatically localize buggy lines of code, a key first step in many manual and automatic debugging tasks. Previous FL techniques assume the provision of input tests, and often require extensive program…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-10-04 Aidan Z. H. Yang , Ruben Martins , Claire Le Goues , Vincent J. Hellendoorn

The parallel evolution of Large Language Models (LLMs) with advanced code-understanding capabilities and the increasing sophistication of malware presents a new frontier for cybersecurity research. This paper evaluates the efficacy of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Aniesh Chawla , Udbhav Prasad

Large language models (LLMs) have recently achieved significant success across various application domains, garnering substantial attention from different communities. Unfortunately, even for the best LLM, many \textit{faults} still exist…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Qiang Hu , Jin Wen , Maxime Cordy , Yuheng Huang , Wei Ma , Xiaofei Xie , Lei Ma

Software crash bugs cause unexpected program behaviors or even abrupt termination, thus demanding immediate resolution. However, resolving crash bugs can be challenging due to their complex root causes, which can originate from issues in…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Xueying Du , Mingwei Liu , Hanlin Wang , Juntao Li , Xin Peng , Yiling Lou

A critical part of creating code suggestion systems is the pre-training of Large Language Models on vast amounts of source code and natural language text, often of questionable origin or quality. This may contribute to the presence of bugs…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Mahmoud Jahanshahi , Audris Mockus

This study explores the potential of Large Language Models (LLMs) in automating the repair of C programs. We present a framework that integrates spectrum-based fault localization (SBFL), runtime feedback, and Chain-of-Thought-structured…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-04 Mahdi Farzandway , Fatemeh Ghassemi

Compilers are critical to modern computing, yet fixing compiler bugs is difficult. While recent large language model (LLM) advancements enable automated bug repair, compiler bugs pose unique challenges due to their complexity, deep…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Yingwei Zheng , Cong Li , Shaohua Li , Yuqun Zhang , Zhendong Su

Most software that runs on computers undergoes processing by compilers. Since compilers constitute the fundamental infrastructure of software development, their correctness is paramount. Over the years, researchers have invested in…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-06-19 Haoyang Ma