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Pre-trained Vision-Language Models (VLMs) are able to understand visual concepts, describe and decompose complex tasks into sub-tasks, and provide feedback on task completion. In this paper, we aim to leverage these capabilities to support…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-08 David Venuto , Sami Nur Islam , Martin Klissarov , Doina Precup , Sherry Yang , Ankit Anand

Standard vision-language-action (VLA) models rely on fitting statistical data priors, limiting their robust understanding of underlying physical dynamics. Reinforcement learning enhances physical grounding through exploration yet typically…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Chenyv Liu , Wentao Tan , Lei Zhu , Fengling Li , Jingjing Li , Guoli Yang , Heng Tao Shen

Vision-language-action models must enable agents to execute long-horizon tasks under partial observability. However, most existing approaches remain observation-driven, relying on short context windows or repeated queries to vision-language…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Vaidehi Bagaria , Bijo Sebastian , Nirav Kumar Patel

Although large language models (LLM) have achieved remarkable performance, their enormous parameter counts hinder deployment on resource-constrained hardware. Low-rank compression can reduce both memory usage and computational demand, but…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Yu-Chen Lu , Chong-Yan Chen , Chi-Chih Chang , Yu-Fang Hu , Kai-Chiang Wu

Despite their strong performance in embodied tasks, recent Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models remain highly fragile under multimodal perturbations, where visual corruption and linguistic noise jointly induce distribution shifts that…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Yuhan Xie , Yuping Yan , Yunqi Zhao , Handing Wang , Yaochu Jin

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models show strong generalization for robotic control, but finetuning them with reinforcement learning (RL) is constrained by the high cost and safety risks of real-world interaction. Training VLA models in…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Zhilong Zhang , Haoxiang Ren , Yihao Sun , Yifei Sheng , Haonan Wang , Haoxin Lin , Zhichao Wu , Pierre-Luc Bacon , Yang Yu

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models are receiving increasing attention for their ability to enable robots to perform complex tasks by integrating visual context with linguistic commands. However, achieving efficient real-time performance…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-10-22 ByungOk Han , Jaehong Kim , Jinhyeok Jang

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models enable generalist robotic manipulation but suffer from high inference latency. This bottleneck stems from the massive number of visual tokens processed by large language backbones. Existing methods either…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Yuquan Li , Lianjie Ma , Han Ding , Lijun Zhu

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models enable robots to understand and perform complex tasks from multimodal input. Although recent work explores using reinforcement learning (RL) to automate the laborious data collection process in scaling…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Kang Chen , Zhihao Liu , Tonghe Zhang , Zhen Guo , Si Xu , Hao Lin , Hongzhi Zang , Xiang Li , Quanlu Zhang , Zhaofei Yu , Guoliang Fan , Tiejun Huang , Yu Wang , Chao Yu

Reinforcement learning (RL) has increasingly become a pivotal technique in the post-training of large language models (LLMs). The effective exploration of the output space is essential for the success of RL. We observe that for complex…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Shihan Dou , Muling Wu , Jingwen Xu , Rui Zheng , Tao Gui , Qi Zhang , Xuanjing Huang

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have become a cornerstone in robotic policy learning, leveraging large-scale multimodal data for robust and scalable control. However, existing VLA frameworks primarily address short-horizon tasks, and…

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have emerged as a powerful paradigm for robotic manipulation. However, existing post-training methods face a dilemma between stability and exploration: Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT) is constrained by…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Jiashun Li , Xiaoyu Shi , Hong Xie , Mingsheng Shang , Yun Lu

Vision-Language-Action models (VLAs) achieve strong performance in general robotic manipulation tasks by scaling imitation learning. However, existing VLAs are limited to predicting short-sighted next-action, which struggle with…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Wenkai Guo , Guanxing Lu , Haoyuan Deng , Zhenyu Wu , Yansong Tang , Ziwei Wang

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models show strong potential for general-purpose robotic manipulation, yet their closed-loop reliability often degrades under local deployment conditions. Existing evaluations typically treat test episodes as…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Jianchao Zhao , Huoren Yang , Yusong Hu , Yuyang Gao , Qiguan Ou , Cong Wan , SongLin Dong , Zhiheng Ma , Yihong Gong

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have emerged as promising solutions for robotic manipulation, yet their robustness to real-world physical variations remains critically underexplored. To bridge this gap, we propose Eva-VLA, the first…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Hanqing Liu , Shouwei Ruan , Jiahuan Long , Junqi Wu , Jiacheng Hou , Huili Tang , Tingsong Jiang , Weien Zhou , Wen Yao

Vision-Language-Action models (VLAs) represent a significant frontier in embodied intelligence, aiming to bridge digital knowledge with physical-world interaction. Despite their remarkable performance, foundational VLAs are hindered by the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Zhaoshu Yu , Bo Wang , Pengpeng Zeng , Haonan Zhang , Ji Zhang , Zheng Wang , Lianli Gao , Jingkuan Song , Nicu Sebe , Heng Tao Shen

The scaling of large language models to encode all the world's knowledge in model parameters is unsustainable and has exacerbated resource barriers. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) presents a potential solution, yet its application to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-28 Varun Nagaraj Rao , Siddharth Choudhary , Aditya Deshpande , Ravi Kumar Satzoda , Srikar Appalaraju

The increasing prevalence of large language models (LLMs) such as GPT-4 in various applications has led to a surge in the size of prompts required for optimal performance, leading to challenges in computational efficiency. Prompt…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-19 Shivam Shandilya , Menglin Xia , Supriyo Ghosh , Huiqiang Jiang , Jue Zhang , Qianhui Wu , Victor Rühle

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have recently advanced robotic manipulation by translating natural-language instructions and visual observations into control actions. However, existing VLAs are primarily trained on successful expert…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Zewei Ye , Weifeng Lu , Minghao Ye , Tao Lin , Shuo Yang , Junchi Yan , Bo Zhao

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models widely adopt pretrained Vision-Language Models (VLMs) as policy backbones, yet it remains unclear what kind of pretrained VLM representation is useful as a VLA initialization. In this paper, we study VLA…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Weifeng Lin , Siyuan Huang , Hao Li , Tingwei Chen , Ruichuan An , Xinyu Wei , Jianbo Liu , Hongsheng Li
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