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Thanks to the recent discoveries of gravitational wave signals from binary black hole mergers by Advanced Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory and Advanced Virgo, the genuinely strong-field dynamics of spacetime can now be…

In this paper, we develop a Neural Likelihood Estimator and apply it to analyse real gravitational-wave (GW) data for the first time. We assess the usability of neural likelihood for GW parameter estimation and report the parameter space…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-09-23 Luca Negri , Anuradha Samajdar

Gravitational waves open the possibility to investigate the nature of compact objects and probe the horizons of black holes. Some models of modified gravity predict the presence of horizonless and singularity-free compact objects. Such dark…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-10-12 Elisa Maggio

Gravitational waves (GW) emitted by binary systems allow us to perform precision tests of general relativity in the strong field regime. Ringdown signals allow for probing black hole mass and spin with high precision in GW astronomy. With…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-03-13 Song-Tao Liu , Tian-Yang Sun , Yu-Xin Wang , Yong-Xin Zhang , Shang-Jie Jin , Jing-Fei Zhang , Xin Zhang

Gravitational radiation from a slightly distorted black hole with ringdown waveform is well understood in general relativity. It provides a probe for direct observation of black holes and determination of their physical parameters, masses…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-09 Yoshiki Tsunesada , Nobuyuki Kanda , Hiroyuki Nakano , Daisuke Tatsumi , Masaki Ando , Misao Sasaki , Hideyuki Tagoshi , Hirotaka Takahashi

The coalescences of stellar-mass black-hole binaries through their inspiral, merger, and ringdown are among the most promising sources for ground-based gravitational-wave (GW) detectors. If a GW signal is observed with sufficient…

Black-hole spectroscopy aims to infer properties of the remnant spacetime from the quasinormal-mode (QNM) spectrum of the gravitational-wave ringdown signal. In most implementations, however, this inference is performed with waveform models…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-05-26 Shitong Guo , Yan-Gang Miao

The final stage of a binary black hole merger is ringdown, in which the system is described by a Kerr black hole with quasinormal mode perturbations. It is far from straightforward to identify the time at which the ringdown begins. Yet…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-06-06 Swetha Bhagwat , Maria Okounkova , Stefan W. Ballmer , Duncan A. Brown , Matthew Giesler , Mark A. Scheel , Saul A. Teukolsky

The Kerr nature of a compact-object-coalescence remnant can be unveiled by observing multiple quasi-normal modes (QNMs) in the post-merger signal. Current methods to achieve this goal rely on matching the data with a superposition of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-10-31 Richard Brito , Alessandra Buonanno , Vivien Raymond

We construct few deep generative models of gravitational waveforms based on the semi-supervising scheme of conditional autoencoders and their variational extensions. Once the training is done, we find that our best waveform model can…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2021-06-30 Chung-Hao Liao , Feng-Li Lin

Detecting gravitational waves from coalescing compact binaries allows us to explore the dynamical, nonlinear regime of general relativity and constrain modifications to it. Some of the gravitational-wave events observed by the LIGO-Virgo…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-02-23 Hector O. Silva , Abhirup Ghosh , Alessandra Buonanno

We show that second-generation gravitational-wave detectors at their design sensitivity will allow us to directly probe the ringdown phase of binary black hole coalescences. This opens the possibility to test the so-called black hole…

Black hole X-ray binaries (BHBs) can be studied with spectral fitting to provide physical constraints on accretion in extreme gravitational environments. Traditional methods of spectral fitting such as Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) face…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Fiona Redmen , Ethan Tregidga , James F. Steiner , Cecilia Garraffo

It is possible to infer the mass and spin of the remnant black hole from binary black hole mergers by comparing the ringdown gravitational wave signal to results from studies of perturbed Kerr spacetimes. Typically these studies are based…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-01-13 Matthew Giesler , Maximiliano Isi , Mark Scheel , Saul Teukolsky

Recent measurements of gravitational-wave ringdown following the merger of binary black holes raise the prospect of precision black hole spectroscopy in the near future. To perform the most sensitive tests of the nature of black holes using…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-11-23 Asad Hussain , Aaron Zimmerman

We describe a case study of translational research, applying interpretability techniques developed for computer vision to machine learning models used to search for and find gravitational waves. The models we study are trained to detect…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-02-16 Mohammadtaher Safarzadeh , Asad Khan , E. A. Huerta , Martin Wattenberg

The LIGO and Virgo gravitational-wave observatories have detected many exciting events over the past five years. As the rate of detections grows with detector sensitivity, this poses a growing computational challenge for data analysis. With…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2020-08-11 Stephen R. Green , Jonathan Gair

We analyze the quasinormal mode spectrum for Kerr black holes surrounded by an asymptotically uniform magnetic field, modeled with the Ernst-Wild geometry. A perturbative expansion in both the rotation parameter $a$ and the magnetic field…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-11-24 Kate J. Taylor , Adam Ritz

The binary black hole signal GW250114, the loudest gravitational wave detected to date, offers a unique opportunity to test Einstein's general relativity (GR) in the high-velocity, strong-gravity regime and probe whether the remnant…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-09-11 The LIGO Scientific Collaboration , the Virgo Collaboration , the KAGRA Collaboration

Using very long baseline interferometry, the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) collaboration has resolved the shadows of two supermassive black holes. Model comparison is traditionally performed in image space, where imaging algorithms…