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AI scientists are emerging computational systems that serve as collaborative partners in discovery. These systems remain difficult to build because they are bespoke, tied to rigid workflows, and lack shared environments that unify tools,…

Artificial intelligence systems are transforming scientific discovery by accelerating specific research tasks, from protein structure prediction to materials design, yet remain confined to narrow domains requiring substantial human…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Gabrielle Wehr , Reuben Rideaux , Amaya J. Fox , David R. Lightfoot , Jason Tangen , Jason B. Mattingley , Shane E. Ehrhardt

AI Scientific Assistant Core (AISAC) is a transparent, modular multi-agent runtime developed at Argonne National Laboratory to support long-horizon, evidence-grounded scientific reasoning. Rather than proposing new agent algorithms or…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Chandrachur Bhattacharya , Sibendu Som

Large Language Models (LLMs) are catalyzing a paradigm shift in scientific discovery, evolving from task-specific automation tools into increasingly autonomous agents and fundamentally redefining research processes and human-AI…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Tianshi Zheng , Zheye Deng , Hong Ting Tsang , Weiqi Wang , Jiaxin Bai , Zihao Wang , Yangqiu Song

Autonomous laboratories promise to accelerate discovery by coupling learning algorithms with robotic experimentation, yet adoption remains limited by fragmented software that separates high-level planning from low-level execution. Here we…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Jing Gao , Junhan Chang , Haohui Que , Yanfei Xiong , Shixiang Zhang , Xianwei Qi , Zhen Liu , Jun-Jie Wang , Qianjun Ding , Xinyu Li , Ziwei Pan , Qiming Xie , Zhuang Yan , Junchi Yan , Linfeng Zhang

This concluding chapter explores how artificial intelligence (AI) is reshaping the purposes, practices, and outcomes of science education, and proposes a human-centered framework for its responsible integration. Drawing on insights from…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Xiaoming Zhai , Kent Crippen

The Science of Science (SoS) explores the mechanisms underlying scientific discovery, and offers valuable insights for enhancing scientific efficiency and fostering innovation. Traditional approaches often rely on simplistic assumptions and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Renqi Chen , Haoyang Su , Shixiang Tang , Zhenfei Yin , Qi Wu , Hui Li , Ye Sun , Nanqing Dong , Wanli Ouyang , Philip Torr

AI for Science (AI4Science), particularly in the form of self-driving labs, has the potential to sideline human involvement and hinder scientific discovery within the broader community. While prior research has focused on ensuring the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-11-01 Chase Yakaboski , Gregory Hyde , Clement Nyanhongo , Eugene Santos

In January 2026, the open-source agent framework OpenClaw and the agent-only social network Moltbook produced a large-scale dataset of autonomous AI-to-AI interaction, attracting six academic publications within fourteen days. This study…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Lukas Weidener , Marko Brkić , Phillip Lee , Martin Karlsson , Kevin Noessler , Paul Kohlhaas

The Art and Science Interaction Lab (ASIL) is a unique, highly flexible and modular interaction science research facility to effectively bring, analyse and test experiences and interactions in mixed virtual/augmented contexts as well as to…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-01-29 Niels Van Kets , Bart Moens , Klaas Bombeke , Wouter Durnez , Pieter-Jan Maes , Glenn Van Wallendael , Lieven De Marez , Marc Leman , Peter Lambert

Artificial intelligence has demonstrated remarkable capability in predicting scientific properties, yet scientific discovery remains an inherently physical, long-horizon pursuit governed by experimental cycles. Most current computational…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Xiang Zhuang , Chenyi Zhou , Kehua Feng , Zhihui Zhu , Yunfan Gao , Yijie Zhong , Yichi Zhang , Junjie Huang , Keyan Ding , Lei Bai , Haofen Wang , Qiang Zhang , Huajun Chen

The integration of Agentic AI into scientific discovery marks a new frontier in research automation. These AI systems, capable of reasoning, planning, and autonomous decision-making, are transforming how scientists perform literature…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-13 Mourad Gridach , Jay Nanavati , Khaldoun Zine El Abidine , Lenon Mendes , Christina Mack

Embodied AI for Science (EAI4S) brings intelligence into the laboratory by uniting perception, reasoning, and robotic action to autonomously run experiments in the physical world. For the Global South, this shift is not about adopting…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Shaoshan Liu , Jie Tang , Marwa S. Hassan , Mohamed H. Sharkawy , Moustafa M. G. Fouda , Tiewei Shang , Zixin Wang

Recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI) agents are pushing AI beyond tools toward autonomous scientific discovery. We discuss two complementary agentic systems for cosmology: \texttt{CMBEvolve}, which targets tasks with explicit…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2026-05-15 Licong Xu , Thomas Borrett

Research in the field of Artificial Intelligence is continually progressing to simulate the human knowledge into automated intelligent knowledge base, which can encode and retrieve knowledge efficiently along with the capability of being is…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2011-07-12 Dr T. R. Gopalakrishnan Nair , Meenakshi Malhotra

Collaborative agentic AI is projected to transform entire industries by enabling AI-powered agents to autonomously perceive, plan, and act within digital environments. Yet, current solutions in this field are all built in isolation, and we…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Rishi Sharma , Martijn de Vos , Pradyumna Chari , Ramesh Raskar , Anne-Marie Kermarrec

Modern plant science increasingly relies on large, heterogeneous datasets, but challenges in experimental design, data preprocessing, and reproducibility hinder research throughput. Here we introduce Aleks, an AI-powered multi-agent system…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Daoyuan Jin , Nick Gunner , Niko Carvajal Janke , Shivranjani Baruah , Kaitlin M. Gold , Yu Jiang

Autonomous and intelligent systems (AIS) facilitate a wide range of beneficial applications across a variety of different domains. However, technical characteristics such as unpredictability and lack of transparency, as well as potential…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-04-23 Lukas D. Pöhler , Klaus Diepold , Wendell Wallach

Despite interdisciplinary research leading to larger and longer-term impact, most work remains confined to single-domain academic silos. Recent AI-based approaches to scientific discovery show promise for interdisciplinary research, but…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Priyanka Kargupta , Shuhaib Mehri , Dilek Hakkani-Tur , Jiawei Han

We introduce the concept of LabLinking: a technology-based interconnection of experimental laboratories across institutions, disciplines, cultures, languages, and time zones - in other words experiments without borders. In particular, we…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-02-09 Tanja Schultz , Felix Putze , Thorsten Fehr , Moritz Meier , Celeste Mason , Florian Ahrens , Manfred Herrmann